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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DSM-IV Criteria for obsessions
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recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images; experienced as intrusive and inappropriate; cause marked anxiety or distress; the thoughts are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems; the person attempts to ignore or suppress the thoughts; thoughts are internal, not imposed from outside
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DSM-IV Criteria for Compulsions
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repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform; in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly; behaviors are aimed at preventing or reducing distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; behaviors are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to prevent, or are clearly excessive; ritual and detailed, often elaborate compulsion, such that the person has to do it the exact same way every time, according to the rules, and if they mess up the rule they must start over
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magical thinking
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causal reasoning that applies to coincidence, belief that thinking something will affect the physical world
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most common compulsions
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cleaning and washing, checking, symmetry/balance or order, touching or avoiding touching, verbal compulsions, counting
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DSM-IV Definition of OCD
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Presence of obsessions or compulsions (or both); the person recognizes that the obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable; they cause marked distress, are time-consuming (more than 1 hour per day), or interfere with the person's functioning
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epidemiology of OCD
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one year: 2%
lifetime: 2.6% no gender difference onset: male early to mid adolescence (5-15 years old, peak 13-15) female: young adulthood (26-35 years old, peak 20-24) |
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common obsessions or obtrusive thoughts
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harming, contamination, inappropriate, or unacceptable behavior, safety/memory, with OCD, worry that future recurring disturbing thoughts will reoccur
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thought-action-fusion
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equates the notion that one's ideas are equivalent to real life occurrances, to acting on them
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Etiology of OCD from the Behavioral Perspective
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compulsions are negatively reinforced
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Etiology of OCD from the Cognitive Perspective
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blame themselves for normal thoughts and expect terrible thing will happen; attempt to neutralize their thoughts with actions or thoughts
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Etiology of OCD from the Biological Perspective
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decreased serotonin function; overactive orbital frontal cortex and caudate nuclei; impulse control-impulse converted to action
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Treatment of OCD Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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repeatedly exposed, asked to not engage in rituals; exposure and ritual prevention; habituation training, the client learns that no harm will occur once they do this, bringing up obsessive thoughts again and again
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Medication treatment of OCD
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Clomipramine seem to benefit up to 50-80% of patients; relapse is common with medication discontinuation; psychosurgery (cingulotomy) is used in extreme cases
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