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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the available Antiviral drugs that treat RNA Viruses?
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1. Amantadine/Rimantadine (INFLUENZA A ONLY)
2. Zanamivir/Oseltamivir (BOTH FLU A AND B) |
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What are the available Antiviral drugs that treat DNA Viruses?
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1. Acyclovir (HSV, VZV, EBV)
2. Valacyclovir/Famciclovir (Acyclovir "knockoffs" - treat HSV, VZV) 3. Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir (first for CMV... also treats HSV, VZV) 4. Foscarnet (CMV, HSV, VZV) |
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What Antivirals treat HIV?
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1. 12 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
2. 10 PROTEASE INHIBITORS 3. 1 INTEGRASE INHIBITOR 4. 2 ENTRY INHIBITORS |
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Amantadine/Rimantidine
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism) |
1. Oral
2. Renal excretion 3. CNS Toxicity, Teratogenic 4. Influenza A 5. Inhibits viral uncoating and increase of lysosomal pH **resistance with protein M2 (flu B doesn't have M2)** |
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Neuriminidase Inhibitors - ZANAMIVIR/OSELTAMIVIR
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism) |
1. Zanamivir (inhaled), Oseltamivir (tamiflu - oral)
2. Liver? 3. Bronchospasms - no use with COPD/eczema 4. Influenza A and B 5. Blocks release of new virions from infected cells by inhibiting removal of sialic acid from surface glycoproteins |
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Acyclovir
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism) |
1. IV or Oral
2. Renal Excretion 3. RENAL CRYSTALLIZATION, Encephalopathy 4. HSV, VZV, EBV 5. TK - Triphosphate inhibits viral DNA polymerase (resistance mechanism) |
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Valacyclovir (Valtrex) and Famciclovir (Famvir)
(Route and general information) |
1. Oral prodrugs
2. Treat VZV and HSV if taken very early 3. Better absorption than IV Acyclovir |
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Gancyclovir
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism) |
1. IV for therapy/ Oral for prophylaxis
2. Renal Excretion 3. VERY TOXIC - neutropenia often limiting 4. CMV 5. Triphosphate inhibits viral DNA polymerase **valganciclovir gives same levels and is ORAL** |
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Foscarnet
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism) |
1. IV only
2. Renal Excretion 3. NEPHROTOXIC 4. CMV retinitis, and resistant HSV, VZV 5. Pyrophosphate analogue |
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What are the THERAPIES FOR HERPES VIRUSES?
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1. HSV, VZV - Acyclovir, Foscarnet
2. CMV - Ganciclovir, Foscarnet |
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AZT
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism) |
1. Oral or IV
2. Renal Excretion 3. FATAL LACTIC ACIDOSIS, STEATOSIS, Granulocyotpenia, myopathy 4. HIV 5. Phosphorylated by host enzymes, inhibits viral DNA pol, chain terminator **lowers perinatal transmission of HIV** |
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Non-Nucleoside RT Inhibitors
(mechanism, resistance, clinical use) |
1. Blocks different site on enzyme than that of Nucleoside RT inhibitors do
2. Rapid resistance with monotherapy 3. Prevents perinatal transmission of HIV |
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Protease Inhibitors
(Mechanism, Clinical use, toxicities) |
1. Block virion maturation
2. HIV 3. Drug interactions p450, lipodystrophy |
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Integrase Inhibitors
(Mechanism, example, clinical use) |
1. Preventing DNA splicing into host genome by STRAND TRANSFER INHIBITORS)
2. Raltegravir 3. HIV |
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Entry Inhibitors
(2 types, examples) |
1. Fusion Inhibitors - Enfuvirtide
2. Corerecptor antagonists - Maraviroc |
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List the Pathogenic Human DNA Viruses...
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1. Hepadnovirus
2. Herpesvirus 3. Adenovirus 4. Papovirus 5. Parvovirus 6. Poxvirus |
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List the Pathogenic Human RNA Viruses...
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1. Paramyxovirus
2. Reovirus 3. Orthomyxovirus 4. Picornavirus 5. Calicivirus 6. Coronavirus 7. Rhabdovirus 8. Arenavirus 9. Retrovirus 10. Togavirus 11. Flavavirus 12. Bunyavirus |