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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acyclovir
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only herpes viruses
Genital herpes (HSV-2) supressed not cured Not effective against Active CMV Renal clearance |
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Ganciclovir
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Less resistant than Acyclovir
Herpes viruses esp. CMV Most serious and frequent side effect is bone marrow suppression |
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Cidofovir
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phosphorylated by cellular, not viral, enzymes
1/4 patients must withdraw due to nephrotoxicity, ocular hypotony, neutropenia, and metabolic acidosis |
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Foscarnet
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inhibits viral DNA pol and RT
NO resistance Clinical use: CMV retinitis, Acyclovir resistant HSV, Ganciclovir resistant CMV Side effects: nephrotoxicity, hypocalcemia |
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HIV Treatments
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Nucleoside analogs: Zidovudine, Lamivudine
non-nucleoside RT inhibitors: Nevirapine Nucleotide analog RT inhibitor: Tenofovir Peptide analgos that inhibit protease: Ritonavir and Indinavir Fusion inhibitor: Enfuvirtide |
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Zidovudine (AZT)
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Mechanism: Z-triphosphate binds viral RT, used in combo with RT inhibitor or PI
Clinical Use: HIV-1 Side Effects: most serious and frequent is granulocytopenia and anemia, increased risk of bone marrow toxicity by Amphotericin B |
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Didanosine (ddI)
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Mechanism: if Zidovudine is like TTP, ddI is like ATP
inhibits viral RT Clinical Use: used in those who can't tolerate Zidovudine or show deterioration with it Side Effects: peripheral neuropathy and pancreatitis |
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Lamivudine
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combo therapy with Zidovudine
GI distress and neutropenia like Zidovudine but less frequent HIV and chronic treatment of Hep B |
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Nevirapine
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non-nucleoside RT inhibitor
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Tenofovir
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nucleotide analag RT inhibitor
prodrugs of AMP analof Fanconi's syndrome like tetracycline Dosed 1/day, doesn't require phosphorylation, and anti-hep B activity |
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Ritonavir
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Protease inhibitor
Contraindicated with anti-arrhythmics, sedative/hypnotics bc of cyt p450 induction Side Effects: Worst in the group, GI distress, circumoral paresthesia, increased liver enzymes and CK *Slows disease progression and reduced mortality |
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Indinavir
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Protease Inhibitor
also reacs with cytP450 (but less so) Side Effects: Nephrolithiasis Indinavir+Lamivudine had undetectable levels of virus |
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Enfuvirtide
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Fusion inhibitor
blocks change in gp41 high incidence of local reaction (98%) |
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Amantadine
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Mechanism unknown
ONLY Influenza A Prophylaxis during epidemics used in Parkinson's not metabolized CNS toxicity |
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Rimantidine
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analog of Amantadine
hepatic rather than renal excretion less CNS toxicity |
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Oseltamivir
Zanamivir |
Oral Neuraminidase inhibitors
Acute Influenza A AND B Oselt: nausea, headache Zana: bronchospasm |