Antiseptics, Disinfectants, And Germicides

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ANTISEPTICS, DISINFECTANTS, AND GERMICIDES

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antiseptics suppress the growth of microorganisms and are used topically;

germicides kill susceptible organisms; and disinfectants are agents used on inanimate objects and are primarily germicidal in their action.

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Phenol

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Carbolic Acid

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Phenol (Carbolic Acid):

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One of the first antiseptic agents used. The effect of phenol is coincident with the concentration; high concentrations are germicidal and can cause tissue destruction; lower concentration are antiseptic. Phenol is inactivated by alcohol.

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Povidone-Iodine

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Betadine

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Povidone-Iodine (Betadine):

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It is used externally to destroy bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and yeasts. It is most commonly used as a preoperative skin antiseptic.

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Isopropyl Alcohol

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Isopropanol

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Isopropyl Alcohol (Isopropanol):

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Used in a 70 percent solution as a skin antiseptic. Has a drying effect on the skin.

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Hexachlorophene (pHisoHex):

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Is a bacteriostatic cleansing agent most effective against gram positive organisms. Hexachlorophene is a neurotoxic agent and must not be used on premature infants, burns, or mucous membranes

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Silver Nitrate:

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The soluble salts of silver ionize in water to produce solutions that are astringent and antiseptic in high concentration. In solid form, silver nitrate is most commonly used to cauterize mucous membranes or treat aphthous ulcers.

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Benzalkonium Chloride (Zephiran Chloride):

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Is a germicidal for a number of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms including some fungi. Not effective against spores or viral pathogens. Most commonly used as a cleansing agent in animal bites.

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Glutaraldehyde (Cidex):

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Is effective against vegetative gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria, bacterial spores, some fungi, and viruses. Used in an aqueous solution for sterilization of fiber optics, plastics, rubber, and other materials that are not resistant to heat

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Thimersol (Merthiolate):

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An organic mercury compound that is non-irritating to the skin. It has antiseptic, germicidal, and fungicidal properties.

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Hydrogen Peroxide

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Certain oxidizing agents are destructive to pathogenic organisms but mild enough to be used on living tissue. Hydrogen peroxide is a germicide that is active by

the release of oxygen. Commonly used to clean suppurating wounds, and is also efficious in the treatment of Vincent's angina (trench mouth).