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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. What is the first principle of selectivity for antiparasitic drugs? What is an example of a drug that uses this principle?
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a. Drugs are not absorbed by host
b. Parasite is exposed to high concentration of drug c. Mebadazole |
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2. What is the second principle of selectivity for antiparasitic drugs? What is an example drug?
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a. The drug acts selectively on the parasite but not the host
b. Based on differences between biochemistry c. Ivermectin |
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a. What is the MOA of mebadnazole?
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i. Inhibits beta-tubulin polymerization→ microtubule formation
ii. Inhibits glucose uptake→ no ATP iii. Worms die in 3 days |
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b. What are the adverse effects of mebadnazole?
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i. Diarrhea
ii. Abdominal pain |
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c. What are the contraindications for mebadnazole?
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Pregnant women, has been proven teratogenic in rats
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d. What is the dosing for mebandazole for round worms??
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i. 500 mg once or 100 mg x 3d
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e. What is the dosing of mebadazole for pinworms?
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i. 100 mg once
ii. Repeat in 2 weeks |
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a. How is ivermectin absorbed po? How is it eliminated?
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i. Rapidly
ii. Metabolized and excreted in feces |
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b. What is the MOA of ivermectin?
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i. Causes paralysis of the pharyngeal muscles of worm
ii. Activates gluatamate-gated chloride channels iii. No toxicity in humans |
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c. What are the adverse effects of ivermectin?
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i. Usually well tolerated
ii. GI upset, dizziness, vertigo |
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d. What drug would you use to treat onchoceriasis?
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i. Ivermectin
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a. What is the MOA of pyrantel?
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Neuromuscular paralysis of worm through persistent depolarization
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b. How well is pyrantel absorbed po?
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i. Poorly absorbed orally
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c. What are the adverse effects of pyrantel?
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i. Occassional GI disturbances
ii. Headache iii. Dizziness iv. Rash v. Fever |
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a. What is the MOA of praziquantel?
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i. Increases the Ca permeability of schistosome integument and causes depolarization
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b. How well is praziquantel absorbed po? How is it metabolized?
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i. Rapidly absorbed po
ii. Rabidly metabolized |
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c. What are the adverse effects of praziquantel?
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i. Occasional sedation
ii. Abdominal discomfort iii. Fever iv. Sweating v. Nausea vi. Headache vii. Dizziness |
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c. What is the MOA for treatment of acute attack of plasmodium?
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Chloroquine (active against erythrocytic form of parasites)
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d. What is the radical cure treatment for plasmodium? What drugs are used?
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i. Kill dormant form in liver
ii. Chloroquine and primaquine |
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e. What is prophylactic therapy for plasmodium?
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avoid mosquitos
Inhibits the erythrocytic stage of parasite development Suppressive therapy |
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f. What are the two forms of malaria (based on antiparasitic drug)?
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i. Chloroquine resistant
ii. Chloroquine sensitive |
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a. What is the clinical indication for chloroquine?
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i. Active against erythrocytic form
ii. Used to treat inflammatory disease for its anti-inflammatory properties |
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b. What is the MOA of chloroquine?
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i. Not established
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c. How well is chloroquine absorbed po?
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i. Rapid and complete absorption po
ii. Can be injected IM for severe infection |
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d. What are the adverse effects of chloroquine?
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i. Visual distrubances
ii. GI effects iii. CAREFUL WITH PATIENTS THAT HAVE HEPATIC DISEASE |
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e. What are the contraindications for chloroquine?
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i. Patients with psoriasis or porphyria
ii. Pregnancy |
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a. What is the clinical use for primaquine?
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i. Used against hepatic forms of P. vivax
ii. Also for chloroquine sensitive and resistant P. vivax |
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b. What is the MOA of primaquine?
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i. Not well established
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c. What are the adverse effects of primaquine?
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i. Rare CNS symptoms
ii. Hypertension iii. Dysrhythmias |
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d. What are the contraindications of primaquine?
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i. G6PDH deficient patients get hemolytic anemia
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a. What is the clinical use of quinine?
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i. Used to treat chloroquine-resistant strains of both P. vivax and P. falciparum
ii. Active against erythrocytic forms but not hepatic forms iii. Must be used in combo with other drugs |
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b. What is the MOA of quinine?
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Not well established
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c. What are the adverse effects of quinine?
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i. Tinnitus, high-tone deafness
ii. Visual disturbances iii. Headache iv. Hypoglycemia v. Hypotension |
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d. What is blackwater fever? What are its symptoms?
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i. Hypersensitivity reaction with:
ii. Massive hemolysis iii. Hemoglobinemia iv. Hemoglobinuria |
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e. What will quinine cause in patients with a G6PD deficiency?
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i. Milder hemolysis
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f. What are the contraindications of quinine?
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i. Pregnancy category X
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a. What is the MOA for Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)?
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i. Inhibits parasitic ETC
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b. Proguanil is synergistic with what drug? What do they do?
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i. Acts synergistically with atovaquone
ii. Inhibits mitochondrial function |
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c. What is the metabolite of proguanil? What does the metabolite do?
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i. Cycloguanil
ii. Inhibits parasitic dihydrofolate reductase |
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a. What are Artemether and Artensunate used for?
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i. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria
ii. Not to be used alone |
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a. What drugs can be used for amebiasis?
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i. Iodoquinol
ii. Paromomycin iii. Metronidazole iv. Tinadazole |
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b. What drugs can be used for trichomoniasis?
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i. Metronidazole or tinadazole
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c. What drugs are used for giardiasis?
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i. Metronidazole
ii. Tinadazole iii. Nitazoxanide |
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d. What do you use to treat cryptosporidiosis?
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i. Nitozoxanide
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e. What do you use to treat pneumocystis jirovecii?
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i. Trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole
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a. What is the clinical use for metronidazole?
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i. Active against a wide variety of anaerobic protozoal parasites and obligate anaerobic bacteria
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b. What form of fungi is resistant to metronidazole?
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i. Cysts
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c. What is the MOA of metronidazole?
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i. Prodrug
ii. Reduced by ferredoxin in sensitive protozoal cells |
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d. What type of cell is affected by metronidazole?
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i. Aerobic mammalian cells
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f. What are the adverse effects of metronidazole?
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i. Nausea
ii. Headache iii. Dry mouth iv. Metallic taste v. DON’T TAKE WITH ALCOHOL |
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g. What type of drugs will reduce metronidazole action?
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i. Drugs that induce CYP3A4
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a. What is the clinical use of iodoquinol?
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i. Used to treat asymptomatic intestinal amebiasis
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b. Against what fungal forms is iodoquinol active?
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i. Cyst and trophozoite form
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a. What is the clinical use of nitazoxanide?
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i. Giardiasis
ii. Amebiasis iii. Trichomoniasis Cryptosporidium parvum and giardia duodenalis in children |
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b. What drug is used for diarrhea in children caused by cryptosporidium parvum and giardia duodenalis?
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i. Nitazoxanide
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a. What is permethrin used for?
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i. Lice
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b. What is the MOA of permethrin?
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i. Disrupts nerve signaling
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c. What are the adverse effects of permethrin?
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none Well tolerated topical medication
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a. What is malathion used for?
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i. Lice
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b. What is the MOA of malathion?
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i. Inhibits insect cholinesterases
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c. What are the adverse effects of malathion?
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None, it its a Well tolerated topical medication
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