Virus And Antiviral Agents

Front 1

Uncontrolled growth of new tissue

Back 1

Neoplasia

Front 2

A solid mass of tissue that forms when abnormal cell groups together

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Tumor

Front 3

the capability of invading surrounding tissues and moving to distant location in the body in a process of malignant tumors

Back 3

Metastasis

Front 4

refers to drugs that are used to kill cells and includes both antibiotic and agents used in the treatment of cancer

Back 4

Chemotherapy

Front 5

refers exclusively to anti cancer agents

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Antineoplastics

Front 6

It is a group of diseases and these have been traditionally grouped together based on the organ which cancer originate

Back 6

Cancer

Front 7

What is the primary risk factor of cancer?

Back 7

Age.

as cell damaged over time

Front 8

what do you call the gene producing cancer?

Back 8

Oncogenes

Front 9

What is the precursor of oncogenes?

Back 9

Proto-oncogenes

Front 10

True or false:

Oncogenes are not normally present in the genome

Back 10

True

Front 11

It is a kind of tumor that is not cancerous

Back 11

Benign Tumor

Front 12

A kind of tumor that is cancerous and invades surrounding tissues

Back 12

Malignant tumors

Front 13

-A total eradication of cancer cell

-Lower tumor cell burden at which level hosts immunilogical defenses may keep the cells in controll

Back 13

Curative

Front 14

-Alleviation of symptoms, decreases tumor size, control growth

-Avoidance of life threatening toxicity

-Increased patient survival and improves quality of life

Back 14

Palliative

Front 15

An attempt to eradicate microscopic cancer after surgery

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Adjuvant Therapy

Front 16

An attempt to get a patient into remission, after previous therapies have failed

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Salvage Chemotherapy

Front 17

Chemotherapy is given to decrease the tumor burden before definitive therapy (surgery, radiation)

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Neoadjuvant

Front 18

Oncologists prefer to use what term that indicates a patient with no evidence of disease after treatment?

Back 18

Remission

Front 19

According to the log kill hypothesis, chemotherapeutic agents kills a constant?

rather than?

after?

Back 19

Kills constant Fraction of cell

rather than a specific number if cells

after each dose

Front 20

During the entire cycle, movement from one phase to the next is driven by proteins known as?

and associated with?

Back 20

Cyclins

Cyclin-dependent Kinase (CDK)

Front 21

True or False:

The development of half of all cancers is thought to result from misfolding of P53

Back 21

True

Front 22

Guardian of the cell

It functions as transcriptor factor and may activate genes

The products which are involved in the repair of DNA

Back 22

P53

Front 23

Too severe damage of Cell/DNA result to what?

Back 23

P53 direct the cell to die (Apoptosis)

Front 24

The ability of some cells to synthesize their own growth factor

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Autocrine signaling

Front 25

Oncogene: ETS

Oncogene product: ?

Associated human Cancer: ?

Back 25

Oncogene: ETS

Oncogene product: Transcription factor

Associated Human cancer: Leukemia

Front 26

Oncogene: RAS

Oncogene product: ?

Associated human Cancer: ?

Back 26

Oncogene: RAS

Oncogene product: G-protein

Associated human Cancer: Ovarian, bladder, lung cancer

Front 27

Oncogene: RAF

Oncogene product: ?

Associated human Cancer: ?

Back 27

Oncogene: RAF

Oncogene product: Serine-Threonine kinase

Associated human Cancer: Bladder

Front 28

Oncogene: KIT

Oncogene product: ?

Associated human Cancer: ?

Back 28

Oncogene: KIT

Oncogene product: Receptor tyrosine kinase

Associated human Cancer: Colon

Front 29

Oncogene: SIS

Oncogene product: ?

Associated human Cancer: ?

Back 29

Oncogene: SIS

Oncogene product: Growth factor

Associated human Cancer: various

Front 30

Oncogene: TP53

Oncogene product: ?

Associated human Cancer: ?

Back 30

Oncogene: TP53

Oncogene product: Trascription factor (p53)

Associated human Cancer: Various

Front 31

Log kill hypothesis is what order of kinetics?

Back 31

First order kinetics

Front 32

Class of drugs that are capable of forming covalent bonds with important biomolecules

Back 32

Alkylating agent

Front 33

The major targets of drug action are the nucleophilic groups

Back 33

The major targets of drug action are the nucleophilic groups. Most common is the N-7 position of guanine

Front 34

Alkylation of DNA leads to?

Back 34

Cell death

Front 35

Our body deactivates the alkylation activity through?

Back 35

Alcohol and Aldehyde dehydrogenase with the help of glutathione

Front 36

Are compounds that are chemically similar to sulfur mustard or mustard gas developed

Back 36

Nitrogen Mustard

Front 37

Nitrogen mustard was developed during?

Back 37

World war 1

Front 38

Nitrogen mustard initial use was

Back 38

as Warts remover

Front 39

The term “mustard" comes from the similarity in the blisters produced by the compound and those seen upon exposure to

Back 39

Oil of black mustard seed

Front 40

1 mustard molecules can alkylate how many nucleophile?

Back 40

2 nucleophiles

Front 41

The initial acid base reaction is necessary to release the lone pair ofelectrons on nitrogen, which subsequently displaces chloride togive the highly reactive aziridinium

Back 41

Aziridinium cation

Front 42

10mg vials (IV) administration of Mechlorethamine can use as the treatment of what disease?

Back 42

Hodgkins lymphoma

Front 43

In cases of extravasation (drug escapes from the tumor intothe underlying tissue), the antidote for mechlorethamine is?

Back 43

Sodium thiosulfate

Front 44

Nitrogen mustard that can be taken orally

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Chlorambucil Melfalan

Front 45

Cyclophosphamide is a drug used to what cancer?

Back 45

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Front 46

Active part of Cyclophosphamide

Back 46

Phospharamide mustard

Front 47

Toxic part of Cyclophophamide

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Acrolein

Front 48

Cyclophosphamide hydroxylation in what part of the body?

Back 48

Liver

Front 49

Concentrates the electrophilic substance in the kidney and conjugates acrolein

Back 49

MESNA

Front 50

MESNA complete name

Back 50

2-Mercaptoethane sulfonate

Front 51

Ifosfamide's S-isomer undergoes preferential oxidation of the side chain to give N-dechloroethylation, which removes the ability of the agent to cross link DNA and also produces what?

Back 51

Neurotoxic and Urotoxic chloroacetaldehyde

Front 52

Describe ethyleneimine sequence

Back 52

Thiotepa----(Desulfuration)----Tepa----Aziridine (To monoalkylate DNA)

Front 53

alternative to utilizing aziridines as electrophilic species

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Busulfan

Front 54

Bulsufan's 2mg tablet orally or 10ml vial for IV is treatment for?

Back 54

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Front 55

Cisplastin was discovered by?

Back 55

Barnett Rosenberg

Front 56

what microorganism cell is used with ammonium chloride solution had an electrical current appliedthrough platinum electrodes

Back 56

Escherichia coli

Front 57

Once the drug is inside the tumor cell, the drug encounters a lower chlorideconcentration and one chloro group is substituted by a water molecule in aprocess known as?

Back 57

Aquation

Front 58

name the ff.

Back 58

Cisplatin

Carboplatin

Oxaliplatin

Satraplatin

Front 59

organometallic compounds based on platinum that play a central role inmany cancer treatments protocols.

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Organoplatinum

Front 60

Carmustine BCNU

Back 60

Bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea

Front 61

LOMUSTINE CCNU

Back 61

Chloroethyl-Cyclohexyl nitrosourea)

Front 62

treatment for metastatic cancer and hodgkins lymphoma

Back 62

Lomustin

Front 63

availablein 1 g vials for IV administration in thetreatment of metastatic islet cell carcinoma ofthe pancreas, colon cancer, and Hodgkin’sdisease

Back 63

Streptozocin

Front 64

Cytarabine is isolated from what?

Back 64

Cryptothethya crypta

Front 65

used to treat breast cancer and colorectalcancer

Back 65

Capecitabine

Front 66

used to treat bladder cancer, breast cancer,pancreatic cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)

Potent radiosensitizer, and it increases thecytotoxicity of cisplatin

Back 66

Gemticabine

Front 67

the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia, acutelymphocytic leukemia, and Crohn’s disease

Back 67

Mercaptopurine

Front 68

BROAD SPECTRUM ANTI NEOPLASTIC

involves inhibition of DHFRleading to a depletion of critically reduced folates

Back 68

Methotrexate (MTX)

Front 69

Was designed to block the conversation of uridine to thymidine

Back 69

5-Fluoroucil (5-FU)

Front 70

The replacement of the hydrogen at the 5-Fluoroucil with fluorine result in an antimetabolite drug, leading to the formation of a stable of a stable covalent ternary complex composed of?

Back 70

5-Fluorouracil, Thymidilate synthase, and cofactor tetrahydrofolate spp.