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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Action of penicillins |
Inhibits PG synthesis by binding to transpeptidase (PBP, preventing cross linking which results in bacteriolysis via autolytic enzymes. |
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Penicillin G (natural) |
Gram (+) |
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Penicillin V |
more stable, oral, poor bioavailability Gram (-) |
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Penicillinase resistant penecillins |
methicillin, nafcillin Gram (+) staphylococcus |
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Oxacillin (synthetic penecillin) |
dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin Gram (+) staphylococcus |
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Extended spectrum penicillin (synthetic penicillin) |
ampicillin, amoxicillin Gram (-) not P. aeruginosa |
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Anti pseudomonal penicillin |
piperacillin, ticarcillin Gram (+), gram (-) P. aeruginosa |
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Combination penicillin products |
clavulanic, sulbactam, tazobactam |
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Cephalosporins |
more resistant to B lactamase those allergic to penicillin may be allergic to these poorly absorbed from the GI tract, parenterally |
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action of cephalosporins |
Inhibits PG synthesis by binding to transpeptidase (PBP), preventing cross-linking which results in bacteriolysis via autolytic enzymes |
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1st generation cephalosporins |
cephalexin, cefazolin, cephalothin Gram (+) cocci except MRSA and enterococci |
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2nd generation cephalosporins |
cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan Gram (+) cocci except MRSA and enterococci |
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3rd generation cephalosporins |
ceftriaxone, cefixime, ceftazidime, cefdinir Gram (-) |
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4th generation cephalosporins |
cefepime gram (+) cocci P. aeruginosa |
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5th generation cephalosporins |
ceftaroline, cettobiprole broad spectrum, MRSA |
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Action of monobactams |
Inhibits PG synthesis by binding to transpeptidase, preventing cross linking |
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Aztreonam (monobactam) |
gram (-) aerobes rods |
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action of carbapanems |
inhibits PG synthesis by binding to transpeptidase, preventing cross-linking |
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Imipenem |
Gram (-) rods, Gram (+), anaerobes |
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Meropenem |
greater activity against gram (-) aerobes less activity against gram (+) less toxic, does not have to be used in combo with cilastatin |
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Vancomycin |
Inhibitscell wall synthesis by interacting with D-Ala-D Ala termini of thepentapeptides, prevents elongation of peptidoglycan and cross linking ofpeptides Gram (+) staphylococcus |
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Bacitracin |
Inhibitscell wall synthesis by interfering with dephosphorylation of lipid carrier(C55) responsible for moving peptidoglycan precursors through cell mem to cell wall Gram (+) |
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Cycloserine
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Inhibits D-Ala-D-Ala synthetase and alanine racemase (function in cell wall synthesis) prevents D-Ala from being incorporated into tetrapeptide on N-acetylmuramic acid Gram (+) gram (-) |
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Polymyxin B (colistin: polymyxin E) |
polymyxinsare branched, cyclic decapeptides that act as cationic detergents todisrupt/distort cell membrane→lossof membrane function + regulation Gram (-) Gram (-) rods |
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Daptomycin |
Bindscell membrane, leads to depolarization, efflux of K+ Gram (+) and those resistant to beta lactams |
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Aminoclycosides |
Targets 30S subunitBlocks initiation complex so that the ribosomemistranslates mRNA; breakup of polysomes. Produces nonfunctional proteins. Gram (-) aerobes and facultatively anaerobic ex. streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, neomycin |
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Tetracyclines |
Targets 30S subunitBlocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to acceptor site.Prevents addition of AA to chain Gram (+) gram (-) rickettsial ex. tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline |
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Chloramphenicol |
Targets 50S subunitInterferes with the action of peptidyl transferase-noelongation of peptide chain Gram (+) Gram (-) aerobic and anaerobic |
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Macrolide antibiotics |
Targets50S subunitBlock formation of initiation complex andtranslocation of protein elongation Gram (+) gram (-) ex. erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin |
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Clindamycin |
Targets 50S subunit Interferes with binding of amino acid-acyl-tRNA complex; blocks ribosome function-dissociate into 30s and 50s, chain elongation Gram (+) cocci anaerobes |
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Streptogramins |
Targets50S subunit, inhibits proteinsynthesis-irreversible blocking ribosome function Gram (+) cocci MRSA VR enterococcus faecium ex. quinupristin-dalfopristin (combo of two streptogramins) |
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Linezolid |
Targets 50S subunit, inhibits protein synthesis-preventing formation of ribosome complex that initiates translation Gram (+) cocci and rods |
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Rifamycins |
Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase, inhibits RNA synthesis Mycobacterium tuberculosis, gram (+) cocci aerobic ex. rifampin, rifabutin, rifaximin |
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Quinolones (fluoroquinolones) |
Inhibits DNA gyrase
enterococci gram (-) aerobes Ex. levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin |
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Metronidazole |
Microbes reduce metronidazole-production of cytotoxic substances that disrupt DNA anaerobic bacteria and protozoans |
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Sulfonamides |
Competeswith PABA for dihydropteroate synthase (folic acid synthesis), does not affectmammalian cells Gram (+) Gram (-) ex. sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfamerazine |
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Trimethoprim |
Inhibitdihydrofolate reductase which converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolicacid |
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Dapsone |
acts on folic acid synthesis similar to sulfa drugs Leprosy bacillus |
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Isoniazid |
Inhibits Mycolic acid synthesis tubercle bacillus |
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Nystatin-polyene |
Interactwith sterols in the cell membrane, causes leakage from inside of cell Candidiasis; GI fungal infections |
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Amphotericin-polyene |
similar mode of action to nystatin systemic candidiasis and exotic mycoses |
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Azoles ex. |
Miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole |
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Miconazole |
Block synthesis of ergosterol fungi and some G(+) cocci |
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Fluconazole |
Blocks synthesis of ergosterol |
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Itraconazole |
blocks synthesis of ergosterol broader spectrum anti fungal, includes aspergillus |
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Echinocandins |
Block production of gluten in cell wall of fungi used in systemic candidiasis and aspergillosis |
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Terbinafine |
Blocks synthesis of ergosterol (different step of ergosterol synthesis pathway than azaleas) Dermatophyte infections |
