Antimicrobial Therapy Test Questions

Front 1

C. difficile affects older adults in hospitals or in long term care facilities & typically occurs after use of antibiotics. (Natural flora gets altered)

Back 1

Super-infections (fungal infections) & Pseudomembranous Colitis (caused by C. difficile) are caused by Broad spectrum antibiotics.

Front 2

1. Mold is capable of producing penicillins that kill other microorganisms.

2. Antimicrobials are a chemical substance which in low/safe doses inhibits the growth or kills microorganisms.

Back 2

Both True

Front 3

There is a risk of super-infection & psedomembranous colitis/c. difficile with:

Back 3

Broad Spectrum Antibiotics

(which inhibits the growth of MANY different infecting/non-infecting organisms)

Front 4

Penicillinase Resistant Drugs are ______ spectrum, which primarily treats_______

(D, M, N, O)
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

Back 4

Narrow Spectrum

(effective against) Staph Aureus

Front 5

Staph bacteria has become resistant to antibiotics like: Methicillin (Staphcillin).

Resistant bacteria are called methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.

Back up drug used:

Back 5

Methicillin has been largely superceded by: Vancomycin

Front 6

________(or another glycopeptide antibiotic) is often a treatment of choice for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

Back 6

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Front 7

Kills sensitive organisms & is effective especially in immuno-compromised patients (on chemo; adrenocorticosteroids)

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

Back 7

BacterioCIDALs

(ie: Penicillins are bacteriocidal)

(CAN BE USED in *immuno-compromised patients* often in synergistic combinations)

Front 8

INHIBITS the GROWTH of sensitive organisms & allows the BODY'S immune system to KILL the micro-organisms.

Back 8

Bacteriostatic

(CANNOT be used in immuno-compromised individuals--would not use a Bacteriostatic antibiotic)

Front 9

If an organism is dormant, can it be killed?

Back 9

NO

(ex: With TB, patient may be on antimicrobial therapy for YEARS because we can't kill the organism because it's growing SLOWLY).

Front 10

Acquired resistance is associated with over use of antimicrobial agents

Back 10

True

Front 11

Select the most narrow spectrum to avoid

Back 11

super infection or c. defficile

Wider spectrums have a higher risk of this!

Front 12

Causes of antimicrobial failure:

1. Improper dose
2. Improper selection of antibiotic
3. Course of meds not finished
4. Failure to lance pus/drain WBC's since antibiotics CAN'T go thru white blood cells.

Back 12

True

Also, Patients Variability:

1. Genetics (metabolize antibiotics differently)
2. Cross Allergies (allergic to: penicillin, may be allergic to cephalosporins too.)

Front 13

QUINOLONES & TETRACYCLINES cannot be used in children. Why?

Back 13

Quinolones: affect tendon growth in children.
***********************
Tetracyclines: adverse reaction of teeth & effect on bone growth. (deformed/stained teeth)
*************************
Examples of Quinolones: Cipro; Levaquin;

Examples of Tetracyclines: Minocycline, Doxyclycline

Front 14

*ALL* Penicillins cross the BBB so what can be treated?

Back 14

Meningitis

(Also, if allergic to one penicillin, you're allergic to all)

Front 15

Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins are RESISTANT to penicillinase enzyme produced by Staph Aureus.

However, this strain of Staph Aureus CAN destroy Penicillin?

Back 15

MRSA

Front 16

For Streptococcus pneumoniae, patients get treated with:

Strept pneumonia causes:

Back 16

Penicillin G (Penicillin G or V is a choice) these are narrow spectrum

Respiratory infection, skin infection, otitis

Front 17

For Anaerobic Strept, patients get treated with:

Causes infection in:

Back 17

Penicillin G (Penicillin G or V is a choice) these are narrow spectrum

Respiratory tract, particularly inside gums!

Front 18

syphillis patients get treated with what?

Back 18

Penicillin G (Penicillin G or V is a choice) these are narrow spectrum drugs

Front 19

Name two WIDER SPECTRUM antibiotics:

Back 19

Ampicillin & Amoxicillin

Front 20

T or F, penicillin G's treat streptococcus (pneumonia) & Anaerobic Streptococcus?

Back 20

TRUE

Front 21

Mezolocillin, Ticarcillin & Piperacillin (extended spectrum penicillins) is synergistic with: ___________

Back 21

Amino Glycosides:

Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Neomycin

Front 22

For e-Coli, hemo. influenza & enterococcus (Gi, UTI, Respiratory upsets) what is used?

Back 22

Wider spectrum penicillins : Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

Front 23

T or F, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Mezlocillin, make a powerful synergistic combination with Neomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Geomycin?

Def. risking what?

Back 23

Yes, synergistic with aminoglycosides (same as wider spectrum)

Super-infection

Front 24

The horrible organism Pseudomonas (which causes UTI & respiratory/lung problems), is treated with an extended spectrum penicillin like______along with what?

Back 24

Piperacillin or Ticarcillin in combination with:

Gentamycin or Tobramycin (an aminoglycoside)

Front 25

gentamicin or tobramycin, in combination with Ticarcillin or Piperacillin could treat what?

Back 25

pseudomonas infection

Front 26

clavulanate, tazobactam, sulbactam are what kind of drugs?

Back 26

Potentiators added to penicillins to make the drug stronger. Examples:

Ampicillin/sulbactam Piperacillin/tazobactam

Front 27

Ampicillin & Sulbactam

Piperacillin & Tazobactam

(T or F, the above are Penicillin Potentiators that bind up the enzyme that would destroy the penicillin)

Back 27

TRUE

Front 28

Penicillin potentiators like: clavulante, tazobactam, & sulbactam are used why?

Back 28

The enzymes in resistant organisms would DESTROY the penicillin.

Potentiators BIND UP that enzyme so penicillin works.

Front 29

With a nosocomial infection (acquired in a hospital), the most powerful antibiotic is used right away because it is assumed the organism is RESISTANT.

T or F

Back 29

True

Front 30

Drugs ending in "floxacin" (such as Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin, or Ciprofloxacin) are:

Back 30

QUINALONES