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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anemia |
Deficiency in oxygen carrying capacity of blood due to diminished erythrocyte mass. Due to Erythrocyte loss, decreased erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction. |
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What causes decreased erythrocyte production? |
1. Low erythropoietin 2. Decreased marrow response to erythropoietin. |
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What are 4 causes of anemia? |
1. Chronic kidney failure 2. Vit B12/folic acid deficiency 3. Hemorrhage 4. Chronic disease such as lupus, TB, AIDS |
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What are symptoms of anemia? |
decreased oxygenation decrease volume |
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What is hemoglobin? |
Grams of hemoglobin per 100 mL of whole blood. |
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Normal Hgb? |
Women >11.5 Men>13.7 |
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What is Hct? |
Percent of sample of whole blood occupied by intact RBC? |
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MCV |
Average size of RBC. Normal is 80-94 |
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What is normal Hct? |
Women>36 Men >41 |
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What is RDW? |
Red blood cell distribution width. NOmral is 11-15%. |
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What does iron bind with? |
Transferrin |
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What is the role of transferrin? |
Transport of iron to bone marrow to make hemoglobin |
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What are causes of microcytic anemia? |
iron def, thalessemia, lead poisioning, cancer |
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What are causes of normocytic anemia? |
Chronic disease |
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What are causes of macrocytic anemia? |
B12 or folic acid deficency, chronic liver disease |
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What is MCHC? |
Average concentration of hemoglobin in single RBC. |
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What is normal MCHC and what is it used for? |
32-36% and used to classify type of anemia |
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What is reticulocyte count? |
Adolescent RBC and used to assess bone marrow function. |
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What is normal reticulocyte count? |
0.5-2% |
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What causes Thalessemia? |
Genes, seen in mediteranean populations |
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What is Pernicious anemia? |
Intrinsic factor cuases B12 malabsorption |
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What are Hypochromic Microcytic anemias? |
Iron def Thalassemia Sideroblastic Chronic disease |
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What lab findings are found in iron deficency anemia? |
Low serum iron High total iron binding capacity Low serum ferritin |
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Koilonychia |
Lines on nails in iron def anemia |
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What causes Thalassemia? |
defects in alpha or beta chains of hemoglobin |
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What causes normochromicnormocytic anemia? |
Chronic inflammatory diseases Recent blood loss Malignancy/marrow inflitration CRF Transient erythroblastopenia Marrow aplasia/hypoplasia HIV |
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What causes Macrocytic anemia? |
Vit B12 def Folate def Hemolysis Myelodysplastic syndrome Marrow failure chronic liver disease hypothyroidism |
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What are the components of the hematologic system? |
delivery of substances for cellular metabolism Removal of wastes Defense Maintain Acid base |
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What is the composition of blood? |
Water, solutes, plasma |
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What is plasma made of? |
Albumins Globulins Clotting factors |
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What is the role of albumins? |
carries and control plasma oncotic pressure |
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What is function of globulins? |
carrier and immunoglobulins |
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What is the main clotting factor? |
fibrinogen |
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Where is erythropoietin produced? |
Kidney |
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What stimulates production of erythropoietin? |
Hypoxia |
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What is adult hemoglobin made of? |
2 alpha 2 beta four hemes |
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How many oxygens can each heme carry? |
1 |
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What does hemoglobin break down into? |
globin and heme |
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How are platelets developed? |
Endomitosis-no cytokinesis |
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What maintains platelet levels? |
Thrombopoietin |
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What are platelet functions? |
Adhesion Aggregation Release |
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What is the role of factor Xa? |
catalyzes prothrmbin to thrombin |
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What is the role of thrombin? |
fibrin clot formation |
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What is the Intrinsic pathway? |
Blood makes contact with collagen that has been exposed as a result of trauma to blood vessel wall |
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What is extrinsic pathway? |
Tissue factor-activated by trauma to vascular wall |
