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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do most cytotoxic agents work?
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Disrupt processes related to the synthesis of DNA; Block mitosis
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What are cell-cycle phase specific drugs?
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Effective only during a specific phase of the cell cycle
Schedule Dependant Drugs |
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What are cell-phase nonspecific drugs?
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Affect cells during any phase of the cell cycle
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Phase-nonspecific drugs can't injure G0 cells.
T or F |
False
Can injure G0 cells |
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Why is it hard for G0 cells to be damaged?
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Time to Repair drug-induced damage
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Dosages for anticancer agents must be individualized and the timing of administration may vary with the protocol being followed.
T or F |
True
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Should a person exercise precautions when handling anticancer agents?
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Yes, drugs are mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic
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What do alkylating agents do?
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Alkylation of DNA by forming a covalent bond with a specific nitrogen atom in guanine
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What are bifunctional alkylating agents able to do that monofunctional agents cannot?
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Form DNA cross links
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Are alkylating agents cell-phase specific?
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No, alkylation reaction can take place at any time
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What causes drug resistance of alkylating agents?
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Increased production of enzymes that repair DNA
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What is the prototype nitrogen mustard?
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Cyclophosphamide
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What type of alkylating agent is Cyclophasphamide?
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Bifunctional
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Cyclophasphamide is a pro-drug converted to its active form in the liver.
T or F |
True
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How is Cyclophasphamide administered?
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PO as well as IV
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What is a unique attribute of the Nitrosoureas?
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Highly lipophilic, Can cross BBB
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What is the prototype of the Nitrosoureas?
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Carmustine
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How is carmustine administered?
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Topical (Implantable wafer in brain)
IV |
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Is carmustine bifunctional?
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Yes
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What does platinum-containing anticancer agents do?
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Produce cross links in DNA like bifunctional agents.
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What is the prototype of the platinum-containing agents?
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Cisplatin
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Other platinum containing agents end in _____.
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-platin
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What are the additional adverse effects of Cisplatin?
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Emetogenic
Toxicity to the ear |
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What is the mechanism of action for the antimetabolites?
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Resemble natural metabolites that disrupt critical metabolic processes
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Are antimetabolites cell-phase specific? If so, what phase?
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S-phase specific
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What is Methotrexate?
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Folic Acid Analog
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What makes a folic acid analog work?
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Blocking the conversion of folic acid to its active form
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What is the prototype folic acid analog?
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Methotrexate
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What drug is usually given with methotrexate to save normal cells?
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Leucovorin, Permits normal cells to synthesize folic acid
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Failure to administer leucovorin in the right dose at the right time with Methotrexate therapy can be lethal.
T or F |
True
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All Pyrimidine Analogs are ___.
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Pro-Drugs
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What are the Pyrimidine Analogs?
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Cytarabine
Fluorouracil |
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What is a unique adverse effect of Fluorouracil?
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Palmar-Planter Erythrodysesthesia
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All Purine Analogs are _____.
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Pro-drugs
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What is the prototype purine analog?
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Mercaptopurine
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What phase is all purine and pyrimidine analogs specific to?
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S-phase specific
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How are all the antitumor antibiotics administered?
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Parentally
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What are the adverse effects of the anthracyclines?
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Cardiotoxicity
Delayed Cardiotoxicity |
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What drug can help to reduce the chance of developing cardiotoxicity with the anthracyclines?
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Dexrazoxane
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What drug can help improve symptoms of cardiomyopathy from anthracyclines?
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ACE inhibitors
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What is the prototypic anthracycline?
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Doxorubicin
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What phase do mitotic inhibitors work in?
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M-phase
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What group of drugs are mitotic inhibitors?
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Vinca Alkaloids
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What are the two Vinca Alkaloids?
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Vincristine
Vinblastine |
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What are the adverse effects of Vincristine?
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Peripheral Neuropathy with Bone marrow sparing
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What are the adverse effects of Vinblastine?
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Bone marrow suppressing without Peripheral Neuropathy
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What phase do the Taxanes work in?
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Late G2 phase
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What is the prototypic taxane?
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Paclitaxel
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What are the adverse effects of paclitaxel?
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Hypersensitivity reactions
Bone Marrow Suppression Peripheral Neuropathy Bradycardia Alopecia |
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How does asparaginase work?
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Deprives cells of asparagine needed to synthesize proteins
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What type of cancer is asparaginase used for?
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Leukemic Lymphoblasts
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What phase does asparaginase work in?
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Phase G1
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