Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Macrolides: Common Examples
|
- Azithromycin (Z-pak)
- Clarithromycin - Clindamycin - Erythromycin |
|
|
Mechanism of Action
|
- Reversibly binds to 50S ribosome
- Prevents protein elongation - Bacteriostatic |
|
|
Typical Uses
|
- Broadly active against gram+ organisms, some gram-.
- Community acquired pneumonia - Skin infections (not MRSA) - URIs - Legionella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma |
|
|
Side Effects
|
Well tolerated
|
|
|
Resistance Mechanisms
|
- Methylation of 23S RNA of 50S subunit prevents binding of drug
- hydrolysis of drug's lactone ring - efflux of drug |
|
|
aminoglycosides: common examples
|
- streptomycin
- gentamycin - tobramycin - amikacin - neomycin |
|
|
Mechanism of action
|
- bind irreversibly to 30S subunit
- bactericidal - transport across cell membrane requires O2, so not effective against anaerobes. - Synergy: work well with beta-lactams |
|
|
Uses
|
- gram negatives, particularly pseudomonas
- complicated UTIs - Gentamycin at HUP frequently administered with a beta lactam |
|
|
side effects
|
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity |
|
|
Resistance
|
- Most common mechanism is modification of the drug
|
|
|
Tetracyclines: Common examples
|
- doxycycline
|
|
|
Mechanism of action
|
- Bind to 30S subunit
- Prevent attachment of tRNA - Broad spectrum, bacteriostatic |
|
|
Uses
|
- Acne
- Chronic bronchitis - Lyme disease - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Rickettsia - Chamydia |
|
|
Side Effects
|
- Discolored teeth in children - do not give to children or pregnant women
- Phototoxic dermatitis |
|
|
Resistance
|
- Increased efflux from cells
- Decreased penetration |
|
|
Chloramphenicol
|
blank
|
|
|
Mechanism of action
|
- binds to 50S subunit
- prevents peptide bonds from forming |
|
|
Uses
|
- very wide spectrum
- Used as last resort due to rare/deadly side effects - Example: meningitis of unknown origin and patient has penicillin allergy - Example: Rocky mountain spotted fever in young children and pregnant women: can't use tetracycline - Used widely in 3rd world due to very low cost |
|
|
Side effects
|
- aplastic anemia: bone marrow wiped out - very rare
- can't give to neonates |
|
|
Resistance
|
none listed
|
|
|
Oxazolidones: Common examples
|
Linezolid - the 'L' in 'clean tag'
|
|
|
Mechanism of Action
|
- Binds to 50S subunit
- bacteriostatic |
|
|
Uses
|
- staph, strep, enterococci
|
|
|
Resistance
|
none listed
|
|
|
Side effects
|
- very high cost: $163/day at Penn
- myelosuppression |
|
|
Lincosamides: Example
|
Clindamycin
|
|
|
Mechanism of Action
|
- Targets 50S subunit
- Inhibits toxin production |
|
|
Uses
|
- Excellent gram pos. activity against S. aureus and streptococci.
- Bacteriocidal |
|
|
Resistance Mechanisms
|
Ribosomal mutation
|
|
|
Side effects
|
diarrhea
|
