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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name 5 classes of antibiotics
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1. Aminoglycosides
2. Cephalosporins 3. Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones 4. Vancomycin 5. Macrolides |
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How to ABs work?
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1. Cell lysis
2. alter cell membrane permeability 3. inhibit protein synthesis 4. genetic alteration |
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4 Problems with ABs
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1. resistance
2. superinfection 3. anaphylaxis 4. toxicity 5. ABs in food supply |
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Example Aminoglycosides
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Gentamycin
Tobramycin Amikacin |
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Aminoglycoside Action
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Inhibit Protein Synthesis
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Aminoglycoside indications
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1. Life threatening conditions, infection with Klebsiella and Pseudomonas
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Aminoglycoside contraindications
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1. People w/CNS disease such as Myasthenia Gravis, Parkinson's
2. Use with muscle relaxants (e.g. gastric lavage in surgery) |
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Aminoglycosides side effects
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Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Damage to 8th cranial nerve
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Aminoglycoside Nursing considerations
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1. push fluids to avoid toxicity (2-3000ml)
2. Watch for ototoxicity signs 3. Get peaks and troughs 4. Know that it is teratogenic; crosses the placenta |
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Aminoglycoside administration
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IV, unless
1. prior to colonoscopy or other GI procedure 2. alcoholics to avoid encephalopathy --where it is given p.o. |
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Aminoglycoside "word"
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synergistic
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frequent way to recognize a cephalosporin drug
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will have "cef" or "kef" in the name.
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Cephalosporin MOA (Mode of Action)
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Alter cell wall, produces cell leakage
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Cephalosporin Indications
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Prophylactically for:
Appy, GB removal, hip replacement Also for severe UTIs |
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Cephalosporin Contraindications
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PCN anaphylaxis
< 1 mo. |
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Cephalosporin side effects
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1. bleeding (3rd generation)
2. secondary infections 3. No drinking alcohol |
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Cephalosporin NRSG Considerations
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1. bleeding;
2. secondary infections; 3. No drinking alcohol |
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Cephalosporin route
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IV
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Cephalosporin "words"
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cross-sensitivity
generations |
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Cephalosporin OD
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seizures
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Persons susceptible to Cephalosporin OD
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kids, elderly, anorexic
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Cause of Antibiotic Associated Colitis
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C. difficile
(freq. associated with cephalosporins) |
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Problems with cephalosporins
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1. allergic rxn
2. superinfection 3. side effects 4. AB associated colitis |
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Quinolone/Fluoroquinolone examples
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cipro(floxin)
penetrex trovafloxin (drugs with "floxin" in name are usually quinolones or fluoroquinolones) |
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Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
MOA |
inhibit protein synthesis by DNA alteration
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Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones indications
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GC, PID, Community-acquired UTIs.
Prophylactic for anthrax |
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Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
side effects |
1. ototoxicity
2. nephrotoxicity 3. phototoxicity 4. tendoninitis, esp Achilles tendon |
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Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
route |
IV and PO are absorbed nearly equally.
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Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
contraindications |
1. antacid use (decreases effectiveness of AB)
2. anticoagulant use (reduces anticoag properties) ; 3. theophylline (increases side effects) 4. trovafloxin -> liver failure; (14 day dose at most) 5. age < 18 |
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Vancomycin MOA
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inhibits cell wall synthesis
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Vancomycin indications
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MRSA
bone infections c. dificile septicemia |
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Vancomycin NRSG considerations
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very specific levels must be achieved
watch for red man syndrome |
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Vancomycin -- examples
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Vancomycin
Liphocin Vancoccin Vancoled |
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Vancomycin route
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IV w/pump
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Cause of Red Man Syndrome
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too rapid infusion of Vancomycin; caused by peripheral vasodilation-- considered to be a type of anaphylaxis
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Macrolides: examples
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Erythromycin, Azithromycin
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Macrolide MOA
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inhibit protein synthesis via DNA alteration
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Macrolide Indications
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1. Legionnaire & Lyme
2. Whooping Cough, Diptheria 3. STDs when other drugs have failed 4. Diabetic GI pareisis |
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Macrolide Contraindications
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History of liver disorder
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Macrolide side effects
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CP; joint pain; nephritis; gastric-->N&V & gas
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Macrolide administration route
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Usually PO, some IV
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