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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Narrow spectrum penicillins
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-Benzyl penicillins
-Penicillin V |
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Broad spectrum penicillins
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-Ampicillin
-Amoxicillin |
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Anti-Staph Penicillins
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-flucoxacillin
-methicillin -oxacillin |
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Anti Pseud. penicillins
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-ticarcillin
-piperacillin |
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Penicillin given orally
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-penicilllin V
-ampicillin and flucoxacillin |
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Penicillin given IV
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-penicillin G
-all others apart from ampicillin and flucoxacillin and penicillin V |
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Competes for tubular secretion in kidney with penicillin
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Probenecid
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Cefuroxime
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2nd class (injectable) of cephalosporins used against gram positive bact such as e.coli and some proteus species
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Cefotaxime
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3rd class, newer injectable cephalosporin, used against gram -ve bact and strep
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ceftriaxone
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3rd class, newer injectable cephalosporin, used against gram -ve bact and strep
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ceftazidime
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5th class, antipseudomonal (broad spectrum)
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imiperem
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-carbapenems
-antipseudomonal effects -broad spectrum inc. anti anearobes -given IV |
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monoperum
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-carbapenems
-antipseudomonal effects -broad spectrum inc. anti anearobes -given IV |
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carbapenems
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-broad spectrum inc. anti anearobes
-given IV -eg. ertapenem, doripenem |
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monobactems
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-broad spectrum inc. anti anearobes
-given IV -eg. aztreonam |
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gentamicin
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-aminoglycoside
-used against many bact infections but esp. gram -ve bact but not: n. gonorrhea or menigitidis and legionella pneumophilia |
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aminoglycosides
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-life saving
-toxic to kidney and 8th cranial nerve at high levels -prevent translation of mRNA into protiens |
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gentamicin combinatoral use for endocarditis: gentamicin+....
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-strep=penicillin
-staph=flucoxacillin -enterococcal=amoxicillin |
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aminoglycosides examples
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-streptomycin (derived from streptomyces)
-tobramycin -netimicin -amikacin -neomycin -spectriomycin |
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macrolides active against:
used for: |
-gram +ve cocci, mycoplasma, anaerobes (NOT bacteriodes), chlamydia
-1st line of defence against pneaumonia -instead of penicillin for: URTI and skin and soft tissue infections |
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erythromycin
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-macrolide:
-crosses placenta, binds to 50s ribosome to interfere with protein synthesis, concentrated in macrophages, polymorphs and liver |
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macrolides: absorption and excretion
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-oral absorption, distributed in total body water
-excreted in bile |
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clarithromycin
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-macrolide:
-crosses placenta, binds to 50s ribosome to interfere with protein synthesis, concentrated in macrophages, polymorphs and liver |
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azithromycin
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-macrolide:
-crosses placenta, binds to 50s ribosome to interfere with protein synthesis, concentrated in macrophages, polymorphs and liver |
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clindamycin
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-lincosamide:
-interferes with protein synthesis and blocks M protein production that leads to an inflam response so can be used in TSS -used against staph and strep |
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lincomycin
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-lincosamide:
-interferes with protein synthesis and blocks M protein production that leads to an inflam response so can be used in TSS -used against staph and strep |
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How to take tetracyclines
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-on an empty stomach as the bind to dairy products so cant be absorbed
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tetracyclines active against:
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-many gram +ves
-some gram -ves: treponemes, mycoplasma, rickettsia, chlamydia |
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tetracycline distribution
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-liver, lungs, kidney, brain and resp tract
-concentrated in bile |
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tetracycline mechanism
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-locks tRNA and mRNA affecting protein synthesis
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group 1 tetracycline
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-tetracycline
-oxytetracycline |
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group 2 tetracycline
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-methacycline
-demeclocycline |
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group 3 tetracycline
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-doxycycline
-minocycline |
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Quinolones
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-inhibit DNA gyrase
-well absorbed orally -widely distributed and can penetrate cell walls |
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quinolones used against:
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-gram +ve agents such as strep pneumoniae, mycobacterium TB
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4th generation quinolones
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trovafloxacin
moxifloxacin |
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vancomycin
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-glycopeptide
-essential MRSA bacteraemia and device infection treatment -resistance rare in enterococcus faecalis -potential nephrotoxicity and otoxicity -antibiotic monitoring essential |
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teicoplanin
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-glycopeptide
-outpatient therapy for joint and bone infections -device related infections |
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glycopeptides administration and excretion
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-administered IV or peritoneally
-excreted by kidneys -crosses BBB if inflammed |
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glycopeptides action mechanism
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-inhibits peptidoglycan cross linking in gram +ve organisms only
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trimethoprim
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-micellaneous agent
-used in treatment of malaria -inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis |
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metrodiazole mechanism of action
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-micellaneous agent
-accepts e- under anaerobic conditions and forms toxic metabolites that damage bact DNA -used against anaerobes |
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metrodiazole administration and excretion
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-orally or parenterally
-met. by liver and excreted by kidney -crosses BBB so can penetrate abscesses |
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oxazolidinones
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-linezolid
-gram +ve bact. -inhibit protein synthesis at 50s ribosome |
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lipopeptides
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-disrupts cell membrane of gram +ve bacteria
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treatment for bact menigitis
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-alert authrorities
-IV cefotaxime -IV ceftriaxone |
