Anthropology Test 3

Front 1

What is redistribution?

Back 1

Some sort of political organization of religious elite.

Front 2

What is market exchange?

Back 2

?

Front 3

What is a kula ring?

Back 3

Kula valuables are non-use items traded purely for purposes of enhancing one's social status and prestige. Carefully prescribed customs and traditions surround the ceremonies that accompany the exchanges which establish strong, ideally life-long relationships between the exchange parties

Front 4

What is affine?

Back 4

a relationship arising from the sexual intercourse of a man and a woman, sufficient for the generation of children, whereby the man becomes related to the woman's blood-relatives and the woman to the man's.

Front 5

What is consanguine?

Back 5

consanguinity is the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person.

Front 6

What is exogamy?

Back 6

the custom of marrying outside a specified group of people to which a person belongs. In addition to blood relatives, marriage to members of a specific totem, clan(s) or other groups may be forbidden.

Front 7

What is endogamy?

Back 7

the practice of marrying within a social group, rejecting others based solely on culture as being unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. Cultures who practice endogamy require marriage between specified social groups, classes, or ethnicities.

Front 8

What is monogamy?

Back 8

the state of having only one husband, wife, or sexual partner at any one time.

Front 9

What is polygyny?

Back 9

a form of polygamy, where a man has more than one recognized female sexual partner or wife at the one time.

Front 10

What is polyandry?

Back 10

a form of polygamy, or other sexual union, in which a woman is married to two or more husbands at the same time.

Front 11

What is levirate?

Back 11

a type of marriage in which a widow is required to marry one of her husband's brothers after her husband's death.

Front 12

What is sororate?

Back 12

the sociological custom of a man marrying (or engaging in sexual activity with) his wife's sister, usually after the wife is dead or has proven infertile.

Front 13

What is woman-woman marriage?

Back 13

?

Front 14

What is a ghost marriage?

Back 14

a marriage where a deceased groom is replaced by his brother. The brother serves as a stand in to the bride, and any resulting children are considered children of the deceased spouse. This unusual type of marriage is nearly exclusive to the Nuer tribe of Southern Sudan

Front 15

What is a bride price?

Back 15

an amount of money or property or wealth paid by the groom or his family to the parents of a woman upon the marriage of their daughter to the groom.

Front 16

What is a bride service?

Back 16

?

Front 17

What is a dowry?

Back 17

the money, goods, or estate that a woman brings to her husband in marriage.

Front 18

What is a lineage?

Back 18

descent group that can demonstrate their common descent from an apical ancestor

Front 19

What is a clan?

Back 19

a group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by actual or perceived descent from a common ancestor.

Front 20

What is a kindred

Back 20

?

Front 21

What are parallel cousins?

Back 21

?

Front 22

What are cross cousins?

Back 22

?

Front 23

What is a nuclear family?

Back 23

?

Front 24

What is a joint family?

Back 24

?

Front 25

What is a patrilocal residence? What is an example?

Back 25

?

Front 26

What is a matrilocal residence? What is an example?

Back 26

?

Front 27

What is an ambilocal residence? What is an example?

Back 27

?

Front 28

What is a bilineal residence? What is an example?

Back 28

?

Front 29

What is an ambilineal residence? What is an example?

Back 29

?

Front 30

What is a double residence? What is an example?

Back 30

?

Front 31

Explain the Eskimo kinship system.

Back 31

has both classificatory and descriptive terms; in addition to sex and generation, it also distinguishes between lineal relatives (those related directly by a line of descent) and collateral relatives (those related by blood, but not directly in the line of descent). Lineal relatives have highly descriptive terms; collateral relatives have highly classificatory terms. Thus, siblings are distinguished from cousins, while all types of cousins are grouped together.

Front 32

Explain the Hawaiian kinship system.

Back 32

the most classificatory; only distinguishes between sex and generation. Thus, siblings and cousins are not distinguished (the same terms are used for both types of relatives).

Front 33

Explain the Iroquois kinship system.

Back 33

has both classificatory and descriptive terms; in addition to sex and generation, it also distinguishes between siblings of opposite sexes in the parental generation. A genealogical relationship traced through a pair of siblings of the same sex is classed as a blood relationship, but one traced though a pair of siblings of the opposite sex can be considered an in-law relationship. In other words, siblings are grouped together with parallel cousins, while separate terms are used for cross-cousins. Also, one calls one's mother's sister "mother" and one's father's brother "father". However, one refers to one's mother's brother and one's father's sister by separate terms (often the terms for "father-in-law" and "mother-in-law", since cross-cousins can be preferential marriage partners).

Front 34

Explain the Crow kinship system.

Back 34

like Iroquois, but further distinguishes between mother's side and father's side. Relatives on the mother's side of the family have more descriptive terms, and relatives on the father's side have more classificatory terms. Thus, Crow kinship is like Iroquois kinship, with the addition that a number of relatives belonging to one's father's matrilineage are grouped together, ignoring generational differences, so that the same term is used for both one's father's sister and one's father's sister's daughter, etc.

Front 35

Explain the Omaha kinship system.

Back 35

like Iroquois, but further distinguishes between mother's side and father's side. Relatives on the mother's side of the family have more classificatory terms, and relatives on the father's side have more descriptive terms. Thus, Omaha kinship is like Iroquois, with the addition that a number of relatives belonging to one's mother's patrilineage are grouped together, ignoring generational differences, so that the same term is used for both one's mother's brother and one's mother's brother's son, etc.

Front 36

Explain the Sudanese/Descriptive kinship system

Back 36

the most descriptive; no two types of relatives share the same term. Siblings are distinguished from cousins, and different terms are used each type of cousin (i.e. father's brother's children, father's sister's children, mother's sister's children and mother's brother's children).

Front 37

Discuss Nayar marriage.

Back 37

The tali-tying ceremony had to be held before puberty and often the ceremony was held for several girls at the same time to save on expenses. Depending on the group the tali could be tied by a member of a linked lineage (often two Nayar Lineages that frequently intermarried were linked to one another and called enangar lineages), by a member of a higher subcaste of Nayars, by one of the matrilineal Ambilavasi (temple servant) castes, or by a member of a royal lineage.

Front 38

What are the two types of gender mixing among the Plains Amerindians of the 19th Century?

Back 38

Berdaches- Crossdressing
Manly- Dikes

Front 39

What are the functions of lineage and clans among the Tikopians (western Pacific Island) and the Hopi?

Back 39

?

Front 40

Explain the cultural construct of gender among the Hua of New Guinea

Back 40

?

Front 41

What are the various political systems? Give examples for each?

Back 41

?

Front 42

What is the Yanomamo puberty rite?

Back 42

?

Front 43

What are the Yanomamo marriage rules?

Back 43

?

Front 44

What are the different phases of alliance formation among the Yanomamo?

Back 44

?

Front 45

What are the different forms of fighting used by the Yanomamo?

Back 45

?

Front 46

What are the different types of marriage systems? Give examples for each.

Back 46

?