Anthropology Test 2

Front 1

Both undernutrition and overnutrition can lead to cardiovascular disease:
a) true
b) false

Back 1

a) true

Front 2

Functional adaptations in humans during their lifetimes are usually associated with environmental conditions.
a) true
b) false

Back 2

a) true

Front 3

Vasodilation is the expansion of blood vessels near the body's surface in response to excessive cold.
a) true
b) false

Back 3

b) false

Front 4

Bergmann's rule states that heat-adapted mammals will have long limbs, which maximize the body's surface area.
a) true
b) false

Back 4

b) false

Front 5

Allens rule states that heat-adapted mammal populations will have smaller bodies than will cold-adapted mammal populations.
a) true
b) false

Back 5

b) false

Front 6

Adaptations function to maintain internal homeostasis.
a) true
b) false

Back 6

a) true

Front 7

The fact that Turkana children are often initially shorter than American children is indicative of:
a) the growth acceleration and deceleration associated with this life stage.
b) the fact that growth is often related to nutrition and other environmental factors
c) the relationship between genes and the environment
d) all of the above

Back 7

b) the fact that growth is often related to nutrition and other environmental factors

Front 8

Anthropological research on the Turkana people in Kenya shows:
a) that adaptations to harsh environments are primarily biological and demographic
b) that they primarily use cultural buffering strategies to adapt to a harsh environment
c) the importance of both biological and cultural adaptations to ecological stress
d) none of the above

Back 8

c) the importance of both biological and cultural adaptations to ecological stress

Front 9

Before adulthood, height deficits can be made up by:
a) rapid growth following disruption
b) longer duration of growth
c) neither A nor B
d) both A and B

Back 9

a) rapid growth following disruption

Front 10

A cline:
a) is continuous variation that follows continuum
b) is variation that falls into discrete categories
c) describes the pattern of occurrence of trisomy 18
d) all of the above

Back 10

a) is continuous variation that follows a continuum

Front 11

A group of primates at the local zoo includes one adult male, several adult females, and their offspring. It is possible that this group:
a) represents a polyandrous residence pattern
b) may be a group of gorillas
c) is likely a group of chimpanzees
d) none of the above

Back 11

b) may be a group of gorillas

Front 12

Polyandrous residence patterns:
a) represent a social grouping that includes multiple adult males and females
b) are commonly observed in prosimians and Old World monkeys
c) represent a social grouping in which males cooperate in parenting activities
d) represent a social grouping that includes one male and multiple females

Back 12

c) represent a social grouping in which males cooperate in parenting activities

Front 13

The higher the rank of a female primate the:
a) lower her access to resources and the lower the survival rate of her offspring
b) lower her access to resources and the greater the survival rate of her offspring
c) greater her access to resources, which results in lower birth rates
d) greater her access to resources, which results in higher birth rate

Back 13

d) greater her access to resources, which results in higher birth rate

Front 14

Grooming, an affiliative or cooperative behavior, serves all of the following functions EXCEPT:
a) removing insects or other foreign objects
b) helping to cement social bonds between the individuals who are grooming
c) preventing diseases from spreading within a social group
d) maintaining the dominance hierarchies present within groups

Back 14

c) preventing diseases from spreading within a social group

Front 15

Kin selection refers to:
a) avoidance of selecting kin (related individuals) as mates
b) only food-sharing among related individuals
c) behaviors that increase inclusive fitness of the donor
d) the selection of non-related individuals as mates

Back 15

c) behaviors that increase inclusive fitness of the donor

Front 16

Chimpanzee hunting as a model for the origins of human hunting because:
a) chimpanzees are the closest relatives of humans
b) hunting has a nutritional basis
c) hunting is most successful when chimps hunt together
d) all of the above

Back 16

d) all of the above

Front 17

Certain primate vocalizations have been found to possess structural elements similar to those observed in human language:
a) through the discovery of the potential use of affixation by species of arboreal monkey
b) through the discovery that nonhuman primates continue to produce new sounds throughout the course of life
c) through the discovery that all primate vocalizations are referential
d) none of the above

Back 17

a) through the discovery of the potential use of affixation by species of arboreal monkey

Front 18

Like humans, most primates are monogamous:
a) true
b) false

Back 18

b) false

Front 19

Solitary primates and those in small groups suffer higher rates of eagle predation than those living in large groups:
a) true
b) false

Back 19

a) true

Front 20

Grooming relationships reinforce social structures and cement social bonds:
a) true
b) false

Back 20

a) true

Front 21

Unlike apes, monkeys:
a) have no tails
b) have limbs (arms and legs) of relatively equal length
c) have short lower backs
d) are orthograde; that is, they walk upright

Back 21

b) have limbs (arms and legs) of relatively equal length

Front 22

While at the zoo you see an exhibit with a small group of primates you have not seen in your textbook. However you notice that they have wet, snout-like noses similar to a dog's. You tell your friend that this is:
a) a species of prosimian, because they retain the rhinarium commonly found in other mammal species
b) a species of anthropoid primate, because they retain the rhinarium commonly found in other mammal species.
c) a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward
d) none of the above

Back 22

a) a species of prosimian, because they retain the rhinarium commonly found in other mammal species

Front 23

Anthropoids differ from prosimians in that they:
a) have more teeth
b) have better color vision
c) are less dimorphic sexually
d) none of the above

Back 23

b) have better color vision

Front 24

In class your professor shows you an MRI scan of a primate brain. The professor points out the relatively large size of the olfactory bulb beneath the frontal lobe. This suggests to you that:

Back 24

c) the primate must be a species of prosimian, as that suborder of primates still relies heavily on the sense of smell for many aspects of daily life

Front 25

The rhinarium is present in:
a) baboons
b) gorillas
c) ring-tail lemurs
d) howler monkeys

Back 25

c) ring-tail lemurs

Front 26

The increased brain size observed in the order Primates:

Back 26

a) results in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity
c) demonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution
d) both A and C

Front 27

Primates are notable for high levels of diversity and adaptability.
a) true
b) false

Back 27

a) true

Front 28

All primates have a projecting nose similar to that observed in dogs that contributed to their decreased reliance on a sense of smell.
a) true
b) false

Back 28

b) false

Front 29

The tarsiers belong to the taxonomic suborder of Anthropoeidea:
a) true
b) false

Back 29

b) false

Front 30

Anthropoid species have a sense of smell that is more developed than Prosimian species:
a) true
b) false

Back 30

b) false