Anthropology Midterm

Front 1

worldview

Back 1

making sense of an experience in ways that link them meaningfully to the wider world

Front 2

ethnocentrism

Back 2

using the practices of your own people as a yard stick to measure how well the customs of different people

Front 3

subsistence strategy

Back 3

how a particular group goes about making their living

Front 4

participant observation

Back 4

gaining insight by taking part as fully as one can in a groups social activities as well as by observing

Front 5

cultural relativism

Back 5

interpret specific beliefs and practices

Front 6

ethnography

Back 6

a book written about a single culture or way of life

Front 7

ethnographic film

Back 7

film on the study of another culture

Front 8

informants

Back 8

people who share info about there way of life with anthropologists

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egalitarian

Back 9

all members of society have roughly equal access to valued resources

Front 10

field notes

Back 10

notes taken in the field

Front 11

bands

Back 11

small egalitarian societies that rely on foraging

Front 12

chiefdoms

Back 12

social arrangements show the emergence of distinctions between lineages in terms of status or ranking

Front 13

endogamy

Back 13

when a person is expected to marry within a defined social group

Front 14

exogamy

Back 14

when a person is expected to marry outside of a defined social group

Front 15

caste

Back 15

societies in which membership in a particular ranked subgroup is ascribed as birth

Front 16

bride service

Back 16

a perspective groom must work for the family of the bride for a predetermined amount of time before they may marry

Front 17

bridewealth

Back 17

certain important goods that are transferred from the immediate family of the groom to the family of the bride

Front 18

dowry

Back 18

a transfer of family wealth usually from parents to their daughter at the time of marriage

Front 19

hypergamy

Back 19

when a person of lower status marries someone of higher status their children then become of higher status

Front 20

polyandry

Back 20

a woman is married to more than one man at a time

Front 21

polygamy

Back 21

when a person may have more than one spouse

Front 22

polygyny

Back 22

when a man may have more than one wife

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patrilocal

Back 23

marriage partners live with or near the husbands father

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matrilocal

Back 24

marriage partners live with or near the wife's mother

Front 25

avunculocal

Back 25

marriage partners live with the husbands mothers brother (uncle)

Front 26

neolocal

Back 26

new partners set up an independent household at a place of their own choosing

Front 27

bilateral descent

Back 27

when people believe they are just as related to their fathers side of the family as their mothers

Front 28

animism

Back 28

religions based on belief in such things as souls or spirit beings

Front 29

polytheistic religions

Back 29

worship entities called gods

Front 30

dogma

Back 30

when the truth is is believed to obtain may not be questioned

Front 31

orthodoxy

Back 31

correct belief

Front 32

myths

Back 32

stories whose truth seems real because they do such a good job of integrating personal experiences with a wider set of assumptions

Front 33

ancestor spirits

Back 33

religions where ancestors are believed to maintain interest in the lives of their descendants even after death

Front 34

Shaman

Back 34

part time religious specialists commonly found in small scale communities

Front 35

potlatch

Back 35

gathering and redistribution of food to other members of a society

Front 36

leveling mechanisms

Back 36

things that shrink the gap between the rich and the poor

Front 37

what are the 3 stages in a rite of passage

Back 37

separation, transition, incorporation

Front 38

witchcraft

Back 38

performance of evil by human beings believed to possess an innate witchcraft substance that can be activated without the individuals awareness

Front 39

patrilineage

Back 39

lineage formed by father-child links

Front 40

matrilineage

Back 40

lineage formed by mother-child links

Front 41

emic data

Back 41

insider knowledge (participate in data)

Front 42

etic data

Back 42

outsider knowledge (chemistry, math)

Front 43

rapport

Back 43

trust between anthropologist and the people being studied

Front 44

syncretism

Back 44

combine elements of different religions

Front 45

pastoralism

Back 45

herders-degrees of mobility

Front 46

horticulture

Back 46

some domesticated plants, elaborate gardens using familial lands

Front 47

Deductive (etic)

Back 47

hypothesis followed by data collection

Front 48

inductive (emic)

Back 48

no hypothesis at the outset

Front 49

quantitative (deductive)

Back 49

numeric data for hypothesis testing

Front 50

qualitative (inductive)

Back 50

descriptive data for illuminating insights

Front 51

ideal behavior

Back 51

the peoples own understanding of the rules they share

Front 52

believed behavior

Back 52

what people honestly believe they are doing and how they are observing the rules

Front 53

actual behavior

Back 53

behaviors that can be directly observed

Front 54

general-purpose money

Back 54

standardized value (U.S dollar, Euro)

Front 55

special-purpose money

Back 55

not cash/coins but instead objects of value (Onka's big Moka)

Front 56

sorcery

Back 56

the use of magic for harm