Anthropology For Exam 3

Front 1

The earth is about 4.6 billion years old.
T/F

Back 1

True

Front 2

Rabid burial after death usually impedes fossilization.
T/F

Back 2

False

Front 3

Fossils are typically recovered within igneous rock exposures.
T/F

Back 3

False

Front 4

In terms of geologic time, human beings are very recent arrival of Earth.
T/F

Back 4

True

Front 5

Fossils representing most of the living groups of animals (e.g., fish, insects, mammals) derive from the Precambrian eon.
T/F

Back 5

False

Front 6

The study of what happens to and organism's remains after death is:
- archaeology
- cryptozoology
- biology
- taphonomy

Back 6

Taphonomy

Front 7

The theory that species persist for long periods and then undergo rapid spurts of evolutionary change is:
- phyletic gradualism
- punctuated equilibrium
- parallel evolution
- convergent evolution

Back 7

Punctuated equilibrium

Front 8

The "supercontinent" that existed about 200 mya, from which the modern continents ultimately emerged, is called:
- Eurasia
- Afronesia
- Australasia
- Pangea

Back 8

Pangea

Front 9

If fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers containing fossil species B, the A is considered older than B. This relative dating technique is based on the principle of:
- superposition
- paleomagnetism
- fluorine analysis
- geolayering

Back 9

Superposition

Front 10

Prior to the invention of absolute dating techniques, one of the chemical dating methods useful for establishing the relative age of fossils from a single site was:
- fission track dating
- thermoluminescence dating
- electron spin resonance dating
- fluorine dating

Back 10

Fluorine dating

Front 11

Miocene victoriapithecids are considered primitive ancestors of all living New World monkeys.
T/F

Back 11

False

Front 12

Adapids had a tooth comb in the lower jaw, like living lemurs.
T/F

Back 12

False

Front 13

Based on their morphology, omomyids are probably closely related to tarsiers.
T/F

Back 13

True

Front 14

The first true primates (euprimates) appear in the fossil record about 56 mya.
T/F

Back 14

True

Front 15

The skeleton of most Miocene apes was more like that of living monkeys that like that of living apes.
T/F

Back 15

True

Front 16

The group of archaic mammals that lived during the Paleocene epoch and are likely very closely related to the earliest primates are:
- plesiadapiforms
- omomyids
- adapids
- tarsiers

Back 16

Plesiadapiforms

Front 17

During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?
- Prosimians
- Monkeys
- Apes
- Humans

Back 17

Apes

Front 18

The earliest known South American primate is a 26-million-year-old monkey from Bolivia called:
- Theropithecus
- Branisella
- Proconsul
- Afropithecus

Back 18

Branisella

Front 19

The very large baboon-like monkey (up to 80 kg or 176 lbs) that lived during the African Plio-Pleistocene was:
- Proconsul major
- Oreopithecus bambolii
- Sivapithecus indicus
- Theropithecus oswaldi

Back 19

Theropithecus oswaldi

Front 20

Both Colobines and Cercopithecines appear in the late Miocene fossil record, representing the two subfamilies of living:
- apes
- lemurs
- Old World monkeys
- New World monkeys

Back 20

Old World monkeys

Front 21

Direct radiometric dating of volcanic rocks provides very accurate ages for many East African Rift Valley hominid sites.
T/F

Back 21

True

Front 22

The first hominids appeared in Africa about 2-3 mya.
T/F

Back 22

False

Front 23

In 1959, Louis Leakey described the first specimen of Australopithecus ever discovered.
T/F

Back 23

False

Front 24

Fossil remains of the pre-australopithecines are found throughout most of the Old World, from Africa to East Asia.
T/F

Back 24

False

Front 25

All the early hominids from Africa older than 2 million years possessed small brains, the size of apes'.
T/F

Back 25

True

Front 26

The fossil nicknamed "Lucy" is a member of which species?
- Australopithecus anamensis
- Ardipithecus ramidus
- Australopithecus afarensis
- Australopithecus africanus

Back 26

Australopithecus afarensis

Front 27

Each of the following traits is found in a bipedal hominid EXCEPT:
- a wide, short pelvis
- a big toe in line with the other toes
- an angled thigh bone
- a foramen magnum far back on the skull

Back 27

A foramen magnum far back on the skull

Front 28

The Laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in having:
- a rounded heel
- nondivergent big toe
- double arch
- all of the above

Back 28

All of the above

Front 29

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia along with:
- abundant stone tools
- animal bones with cutmarks
- evidence for early Homo
- fossil footprints

Back 29

Animal bones with cutmarks

Front 30

Which of the following is NOT considered a robust australopithecine?
- australopithecus boisei
- australopithecus anamensis
- australopithecus aethiopicus
- australopithecus robustus

Back 30

Australopithecus anamensis

Front 31

Homo habilis used Acheulian hand axes.
T/F

Back 31

False

Front 32

Homo erectus had long legs as compared to earlier hominids.
T/F

Back 32

True

Front 33

Homo habilis likely spent appreciable time in the trees.
T/F

Back 33

True

Front 34

Homo habilis had controlled use of fire.
T/F

Back 34

False

Front 35

Evidence from the Nariokotome Boy suggest that modern human growth patterns were already present in Homo erectus.
T/F

Back 35

False

Front 36

Classic Homo erectus cranial features include all of the following EXCEPT:
- thick cranial bones
- large browridges
- rounded skull
-sagittal keel

Back 36

Rounded skull

Front 37

Analysis of Homo erectus teeth found at Zhoukoudian suggest that controlled use of fire allowed this species to:
- ward off predators
- expand into more temperate environments
- make foods easier to chew
- none of the above

Back 37

Make foods easier to chew

Front 38

Fossil evidence of cut marks made with stone tools at early hominid sites suggest that:
- meat eating started only with the appearance of Homo erectus and stone tools
- big game hunting was the most common way early hominids obtained meat
- meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced technology
- none of the above

Back 38

Meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced technology.

Front 39

Relative to Oldowan tools, Acheulean stone tools:
- had narrower range of functions
- used fewer raw materials
- were characterized by fewer tool types
- required more learning and skill to produce

Back 39

Required more learning and skill to produce.

Front 40

Evidence of cannibalism among early hominids is found at:
- Zhoukoudian, China
- Gran Dolina, Spain
- Olduvai Gorge, Kenya
- Sangiran, Java

Back 40

Gran Dolina, Spain.