Anthropology Final Exam Flash Cards

Front 1

Clyde Snow

Back 1

-A biological anthropologist

-Assisted an American organization to determine the fate of 10 000 people who vanished

-Held people accountable such as high ranking military and police officers who were responsible for the deaths

Front 2

Cultural Imperialism

Back 2

The idea that some cultures dominate other cultures and that cultural domination by one culture subordinates other cultures, replacing the culture with the one in power.

Front 3

Cultural Hybridity

Back 3

Cultural mixing that produces something new.

-A positive form of cultural mixing rather than indicating a loss of original "purity"

Front 4

Modernism

Back 4

It embodies enlightenment assumptions about:

Capitalism

Rationality

Science

Progress

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Postmodernism

Back 5

Calls all of these enlightenment assumptions into question.

Front 6

Richard Reeves-Ellington

Back 6

-Designed a cross cultural training program for a North American company doing business in Japan

-Found methods that helped managers conduct business in Japan

-These traditional methods of anthropology are:

Cultural understanding, Ethnographic data, Participant observation

Front 7

Art

Back 7

Play with form producing some aesthetically successful transformation representation

Front 8

Ritual

Back 8

Repetitive social practice composed of a sequence of symbolic activities in the form of:

dance song, speech, gestures, and so on!

Front 9

Framing

Back 9

A cognitive boundary that marks certain behaviors as "play" or as "ordinary life"

-Type of metacommunication

Front 10

Reflexitivity

Back 10

Critically thinking about the way one thinks, reflecting on one's own experiences

-Type of metacommunication

Front 11

Play

Back 11

-An activity that is consciously adopted by the players.

-An activity that is somehow pleasurable

Front 12

Myth

Back 12

-A traditional story accepted as history

-Usually passed on orally

-Linked to societies' world view/assumptions about the way the world works

Front 13

Rites of passage

Back 13

Rituals that serve to mark the movement and transformation of an individual form one social position to another

Front 14

Sport

Back 14

A physically exertive activity that is competitive within constraints imposed by definitions and rules

Front 15

Shaman

Back 15

A part-time religious practitioner who is believed to have the power to contact invisible powers directly on behalf of individuals or groups

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Etiology

Back 16

The study of causes of a disease or condition

Front 17

Metaphor

Back 17

A form of language where a word is used to refer to something it doesn't literally denote.

Front 18

What are three types of Metaphors?

Back 18

Societal

Organic

Technological

Front 19

Metonmy

Back 19

A form of language where a thing or concept is not called by its own name but by the name of with that thing or concept

Front 20

Arnold Van Gennep

Back 20

-French Anthropologist

-A rite of passage has three stages or phases

Separation

Liminality

Incorporation

Front 21

Windigo

Back 21

Windigo Psychosis has been known actually to cause aperson, either male or female, to engage in cannibalism.

Front 22

Defensive Research

Back 22

Research into disease is conducted by people who work with respondents from local communities

Front 23

Wabigoon River

Back 23

A river that was poisoned by the dumping of mercury from a plant named Reed International's

-This affected the First Nation's community

(water source)

Front 24

Epidemiology

Back 24

The study of infectious disease

Front 25

Religious Behavior (7)

Back 25

1. Prayer

2. Physiological exercise

3. Exhortation

4. Mana

5. Taboo

6. Feasts

7. Sacrifice

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Peyote Cult

Back 26

Belongs to the Huichol

Front 27

Huichol

Back 27

-Farmers located in Western Mexico

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Peyote

Back 28

-A spineless cactus that the Huichol go on a journey to the desert to find

-This occurs once a year

-It's a sacred journey because it represents a pilgrimage to Wirikuta

-They think of it as a plant and an animal

Front 29

Deer Symbol

Back 29

-A symbol of the masculine, hunting past which creates a connection between themand their ancestors

-Huichol believe that the ______ gave them the peyote and it makes an appearance everyyear specifically for the hunt

Front 30

Maize

Back 30

Itsymbolizes labor of the present:

food, domesticity, sharing between both sexes,routine and persistent diligence

Front 31

Witch craft

Back 31

-Thepractice of magic, whether intentional or not.

-Used to explain unfortunate things

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Magic

Back 32

Aset of beliefs and practices designed to control the visible or invisible worldfor specific purposes

Front 33

Azande

Back 33

-Theybelieve that witchcraft is a substance in the body of the witch which is foundunder the sternum. It grows as the body grows, so the older the body gets, themore powerful the witchcraft becomes

-

Front 34

Dealing with Witches

Back 34

Whenwitchcraft is suspected they will take two chickens into the bush, along with a“poison oracle”, and someone who is a specialist in administering the poison.

Front 35

Social Organization

Back 35

A pattern between the dependence between governing group thought and action

Front 36

Okanagan Valley

Back 36

Water front properties have not lost value

Front 37

Alienation

Back 37

Alienationwas used by KarlMarx to describe thesense of separation such workers experienced between their internalized senseof identity and the kind of labor they were compelled to perform

Front 38

Anomie

Back 38

A term coined by Emile Durkheim used to refer to European industrial workers thatwould often have to face things such as rootlessness, lack of community andnormlessness

Front 39

Bolivian Tin Miners

Back 39

Employed the power of imagination in their ritual and now are beginning to employ it in their political lives, despite extreme exploitation by the capitalist miner elites

Front 40

Rondas campesinas

Back 40

Formed vigilante groups and acted on behalf of the Andean village herdspeople

-Becamean alternative justice system that hosted public assemblies to address variousproblems in their community

Front 41

Caste

Back 41

-A ranked group within a sociallystratified society that is closed, prohibiting individuals from moving from onecaste to another

-They are endogamous

Front 42

Jati

Back 42

______ are both extended family groups and occupational castes and are exogamous

Front 43

Brahims

Back 43

________ are preists

Front 44

Varna

Back 44

________ is the hindu fourfold caste system of:

Preists, warriors, farmers, and merchants.