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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Language
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– human communication by means of shared symbols which can be linguistic or non-linguistic
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Do bees have language?
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No-only humans
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Linguistic Diversity
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Regional differences
Links between speech and social status No one is intrinsically superior Linguistic relativism |
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Linguistic relativism
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No one language is intrinsically superior
We see stereotypes about how people talk Jocks spoke differently than burnouts New york-upper class pronounce r, lower do not Southern vowels No one type of communication is inheritently superior |
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Sociolinguistics
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The study of linguistic diversity
Looks at language in its social context, examining relationships between social and linguistic variation Style shifts |
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linguistic variation
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Different types of communication in different situations
Gender variation-women closer to standard english than women |
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Gender Speech Contrasts
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Linguistic variation between men and women
Language reflects position of power |
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Language & Women
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Women more likely to speak Standard English
Women end sentence with intonation of uncertainty Women-oh dear, my goodness Women know colors more Women more likely to express insecurity |
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Langauge & Men
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Men use double negative, especially in working class
Men use more forceful words Men know more sports related terms |
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Body language gender differences
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Men spread out more
Women take smaller spaces |
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Stratification and Symbolic Domination
Linguistic variation reflects social, political, and economic forces |
“Proper language” is a strategic resource
Can we tell race/class of person over the phone? How you speak will influence the type of job you get |
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Black English Vernacular (BEV)
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Ebonics is a systematic and rule-governed linguistic system
National debate in mid 1990s Standard English is not superior to BEV as a linguistic system but they do have different prestige Oakland school board vote to declare ebonics a language |
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Linguistic diversity is stratified
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Standard English as a yardstick used to evaluate other speech patterns
Nativists and relativists Sign Language |
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Nativists
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Some people argue that english should be official language of US & preserve a common national identity
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Relativist
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English as official US language is not practical, want multilingual diversity, right of all speech communities to cultivate their native language and teach to kids, have on TV, but recognize that knowing some english helps survival in us.
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Speech communities
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are self constructed groups whose members communicate verbally with each other using words, and dialects that define them as a collective and distinguish them from other speech communities.
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