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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Language
– human communication by means of shared symbols which can be linguistic or non-linguistic
Do bees have language?
No-only humans
Linguistic Diversity
Regional differences
Links between speech and social status
No one is intrinsically superior
Linguistic relativism
Linguistic relativism
No one language is intrinsically superior
We see stereotypes about how people talk
Jocks spoke differently than burnouts
New york-upper class pronounce r, lower do not
Southern vowels
No one type of communication is inheritently superior
Sociolinguistics
The study of linguistic diversity
Looks at language in its social context, examining relationships between social and linguistic variation
Style shifts
linguistic variation
Different types of communication in different situations
Gender variation-women closer to standard english than women
Gender Speech Contrasts
Linguistic variation between men and women
Language reflects position of power
Language & Women
Women more likely to speak Standard English
Women end sentence with intonation of uncertainty
Women-oh dear, my goodness
Women know colors more
Women more likely to express insecurity
Langauge & Men
Men use double negative, especially in working class
Men use more forceful words
Men know more sports related terms
Body language gender differences
Men spread out more
Women take smaller spaces
Stratification and Symbolic Domination
Linguistic variation reflects social, political, and economic forces
“Proper language” is a strategic resource
Can we tell race/class of person over the phone?
How you speak will influence the type of job you get
Black English Vernacular (BEV)
Ebonics is a systematic and rule-governed linguistic system
National debate in mid 1990s
Standard English is not superior to BEV as a linguistic system but they do have different prestige
Oakland school board vote to declare ebonics a language
Linguistic diversity is stratified
Standard English as a yardstick used to evaluate other speech patterns
Nativists and relativists
Sign Language
Nativists
Some people argue that english should be official language of US & preserve a common national identity
Relativist
English as official US language is not practical, want multilingual diversity, right of all speech communities to cultivate their native language and teach to kids, have on TV, but recognize that knowing some english helps survival in us.
Speech communities
are self constructed groups whose members communicate verbally with each other using words, and dialects that define them as a collective and distinguish them from other speech communities.