Anthropology Exam 1

Front 1

Marriage vs. Family

What's the Difference?

Back 1

Marriage: A Ceremony

Family: Related by blood

Front 2

Four things that the Nuclear Family Regulates

Back 2

1. Sexual Mating and Reproduction

2. Socialization and Enculturation of Children

3. Division of Labor based on Gender

4. Residency - Where you live

Front 3

Exogamy vs. Endogamy

Back 3

Exogamy - Marrying outside of a certain group

Endogamy - Marrying within a certain group

Front 4

Natural Aversion Theory

Back 4

Family members simply have an innate discomfort with incest.

Problem: Theory is incomplete because incest still happens

Front 5

Inbreeding Theory

Back 5

Recessive genes can be harmful when family members marry.

Problem: Birth defects ONLY happen when you pass down harmful recessive genes. You don't know you have them.

Front 6

Family Disruption Theory

Back 6

Incest creates role ambiguity among the family. Also causes jealousy

Front 7

Expanding Social Alliances Theory

Back 7

Family creates alliances with other families through marriage, especially with their enemies.

Front 8

Arranged marriages vs. Marriage by choice

Back 8

Parents choose your spouse (Decisions by experience)

You choose your spouse (Decisions by love)

Front 9

Monogamy (Serial Monogamy)

Back 9

Marrying only one person (at a time. Divorce.)

Front 10

Polygamy

Back 10

Marrying multiple people

Front 11

Polygyny (and it's advantages)

Back 11

Where a man marries more than one woman at a time. Most preferred in all of society.

(Population can expand and live on a subsistence level. No surplus)

Front 12

Polyandry

Back 12

Women marry more than one man.

Front 13

3 Reasons why certain men can practice Polygamy

Back 13

1. Social Status

2. Wealth

3. Managerial Skills

Front 14

Four ways to reduce jealousy among polygynous wives

Back 14

1. Allow them to pick the other wives (sororal, marry sisters)

2. Give them separate households

3. Divide up the chores or responsibilities

4. Create a hierarchy among them.

Front 15

2 Reasons Polyandry Still Practiced in Tibet

Back 15

1. Keeps family property intact (Sons live on the same property)

2. Population control

Front 16

Bride wealth vs. Dowry

Back 16

Bridewealth - Family of the man gives to the family of the woman

Dowry - From bride to groom

Front 17

Nine Characteristics of Bridewealth

Back 17

1. Insurance policy for the good treatment of the Bride

2.Reduces Divorce

3. Acts as a marriage license.

4. Compensation for her economic potential

5. Compensation for her domestic potential

6. Women's fertility is a scarce resource. She does not have rights to it. Passed from family to family.

7. She has no rights to the children that she bears. Passed from family to family

8. Creates an alliance between the two families

9. Leveling device (Poor and rich stay about equal.)

Front 18

The Levirate

Back 18

Widows are expected to marry their deceased husband's brothers

Front 19

The Sororate

Back 19

Widowers are expected to marry their deceased wife's sisters

Front 20

Bride Service

Back 20

The groom works for the family of the bride to pay off the wedding. (could be weeks, months or years.)

Front 21

Nuclear Family

Back 21

Consists of Father, Mother, and children.

25% of households in the US

Front 22

Extended Family

Back 22

Uncles, Grandparents, cousins

Front 23

Cross Cousins

Back 23

The children of your parent's siblings of the opposite gender. E.g. your mother's brother's children or your father's sister's children.

Front 24

Reference Groups: Activities you perform with them

Back 24

Reference Groups - Groups that you perform all 5 activities with.

1. Eating

2. Sleeping

3. Working

4. Playing

5. Worshiping

Front 25

Kinship Defined

Back 25

Relationships found in all societies which are Consanguinal and vertical (by blood), or Affinal and Horizontal (by marriage)

Front 26

Descent Groups

Back 26

Blood Related. Vertical kinship.

Front 27

Alliance Group

Back 27

Marriage related. Horizontal kinship.

Front 28

Kinship terms and behavior

Back 28

What you call someone determines your behavior toward them. The more specific it is, the more specific the behavior is.

Front 29

Four Principles of Kinship Classification

Back 29

1. Generation

2. Gender

3. Relative age - Birth Order

4. Side of Family

Front 30

Formation of Descent Groups

Back 30

Formed by father's or mother's line

Front 31

Unilineal Descent Groups

Back 31

Patrilineal - Father's line is traced (most common)

Matrilineal - Mother's line is traced

Front 32

Uterine Family

Back 32

Mother and Children (Father not included)

Front 33

Lineage

Back 33

Descent Group traced back 10 generations

Front 34

Clan

Back 34

Not having complete lineage (missing pieces)

Front 35

Corporate Nature of Unilineal Descent Groups

Back 35

If the leader dies, the family still continues on.

Front 36

Six Characteristics of Unilineal Descent Groups

Back 36

1. Gives the individual a sense of identity

2. Regulates marriage (the two families meet and approve)

3. Passage of property (Always between males equally)

4. Regulates criminal justice

5. Regulates security and protection

6. Regulates Worship

Front 37

Cognatic descent

Back 37

How you trace your lineage (descent)

Front 38

Bilateral Descent

Back 38

Using and tracing both lineages equally.

Front 39

Kindred

Back 39

Relatives that are in your cognate

Front 40

Balanced Reciprocity

Back 40

When you pay each other back immediately for a gift or favor. Happens between husband and wife.

Front 41

Generation Principle

Back 41

Children listen to parents out of respect. Parents provide basic necessities in exchange for obedience. Children will pay them back eventually.

Front 42

Generalized Reciprocity

Back 42

Exists between children and their parents. Children will pay back parents over time.

Front 43

Rule of Amity

Back 43

Siblings sacrifice for one another. The ultimate sacrifice is death.