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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adaptive
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Favored by natural selection in a particular environment.
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Alleles
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A biochemical difference involving a particular gene.
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Balanced polymorphism
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Two or more forms, such as alleles of the same gene, that maintain a constant frequency in a pollution from generation to generation.
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Catastrophism
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View that species were destroyed by fires, floods, and other catastrophes after each destructive event, God created again, leading to contemporary species.
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Chromosomes
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Basic genetic units, occurring in matching pairs; lengths of DNA made up of multiple genes.
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Creationism
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Explanation for the origin of species given in Genesis: God created the species during the first six days of creation.
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Dominant
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Allele that masks another allele in a heterozygote.
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Evolution
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Descent with modification; change in form over generations.
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Gene
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Area in a chromosome pair that determines a particular biological trait.
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Gene flow
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Exchange of genetic material between populations of the some species through direct or indirect breeding.
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Gene pool
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All the alleles and genotype a within a breeding population-the "pool" of genetic material available.
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Genetic evolution
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Change in gene frequency within a breeding population.
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Genotype
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An organism's hereditary makeup.
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Heterozygous
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Having dissimilar alleles of a given gene.
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Homozygous
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Possessing identical alleles of a particular gene.
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Independent assortment
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Chromosomes are inherited independently of one another ( Mendel's law of..)
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Meiosis
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Special process by which sex cells are produced; four cells are produced from one, each with half of the genetic material of the original cell.
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Mendelian genetics
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Studies ways in which chromosomes transmit genes across generations.
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Mitosis
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Ordinary cell division; DNA molecules copy themselves, creating two identical cells out of one.
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Mutations
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Change in DNA molecules of which genes and chromosomes are built.
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Natural selection
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Darwin/Wallace: the process by which natur selects the forms most fit to survive and reproduce in an given environment.
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Phenotypical adaptation
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Adaptive biological changes that occur during the individual's lifetime, made possible by biological plasticity.
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Population genetics
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Field that studies causes of genetic variation, maintenance, and change in breeding populations.
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Random genetic drift
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Change in gene frequency that results not from natural selection but from chance; most common in small populations.
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Recessive
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Genetic trait masked by a dominant trait.
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Sexual selection
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Based on differential success in mating, the process in which certain traits of one sex are selected because of advantages they confer in winning mates.
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Speciation
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Formation of new species; occurs when subgroups of the same species Re separated for a sufficient length of time.
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Species
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Population whose members can interbreed to produce offspring that can live and reproduce.
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Theory
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An explanatory framework that helps us understand why something exists.
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Uniformitarianism
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Belief that explanations for past events should be sought in ordinary forces that continue to work today.
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