Anthropology

Front 1

Most of the fossils discovered in Africa come from the eastern and western parts of the continent. Why is this?

Back 1

These areas provided better preservation

Front 2

The time it takes for 50% of an unstable isotope to decay to a stable form is called the:

Back 2

half-life

Front 3

Eras are

Back 3

divisions in geologic time divided into periods and epochs.

Front 4

The earth’s age is:

Back 4

4.6 billion years

Front 5

The original continent that existed about 200 mya, from which the modern continents ultimately emerged, is called:

Back 5

Pangaea

Front 6

What is the basic difference between relative and absolute dating?

Back 6

c. the use of an actual number of years

Front 7

During the Holocene artifacts like __________ began to appear.

Back 7

ceramics

Front 8

A wooden tomb is discovered with a well-preserved mummy inside. What method could be used to date the tomb?

Back 8

dendrochronology

Front 9

Based on the molecular clock, geneticists believe the split between chimps and hominins occurred:

Back 9

8–10 mya.

Front 10

Coinciding with the appearance of early hominins about 5–10 mya, the climate was:

Back 10

dry and seasonal.

Front 11

The Nariokotome Boy discovered at Lake Turkana (Homo erectus) has modern human traits such as:

Back 11

b. shorter arms and longer legs than those of earlier hominids.

Front 12

Some Homo erectus specimens had very large and robust bones while others:

Back 12

were gracile

Front 13

All fossils represent:

Back 13

transitions

Front 14

The earliest members of the genus Homo have been found dating from:

Back 14

2.5–1.0 mya.

Front 15

Anatomical evidence from fossilized hand bones suggests that the precision grip needed to make and use stone tools was present:

Back 15

in Homo habilis and some australopithecines.

Front 16

Compared to earlier hominids the increased body size in Homo erectus is likely due to:

Back 16

increased protein in the diet.

Front 17

Fossil evidence of cut marks made with stone tools at early hominid sites suggests that:

Back 17

meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced technology.

Front 18

Which species became increasingly specialized to foods requiring heavy chewing?

Back 18

Australopithecus

Front 19

The controlled use of fire by hominids:

Back 19

contributed to geographical expansion and food production techniques in positive ways.

Front 20

Intermediate forms in the fossil record include:

Back 20

all the choices given are correct

Front 21

Scientists define modern in terms of:

Back 21

a series of distinctive anatomical traits that contrast with archaic traits from earlier hominins.

Front 22

Sub-Saharan Africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population. This is likely to have resulted from:

Back 22

the accumulations of genetic mutations over time.

Front 23

To date, the majority of Neandertal fossils have been found in:

Back 23

Europe

Front 24

Analyses of modern human genetic variation indicate that Homo sapiens may have evolved approximately:

Back 24

200,000 yBP.

Front 25

In Atapeura 5, early archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertal specimens show heavy wear on the incisors and canines, indicating:

Back 25

the use of the front teeth for gripping materials.

Front 26

Neandertals’ cold-adapted traits include:

Back 26

a projecting midface.

Front 27

The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel?

Back 27

The hyoid

Front 28

The Herto skulls from Ethiopia

Back 28

have a combination of archaic and modern features.

Front 29

The fossils called Homo floresiensis were dated to:

Back 29

18,000 yBP.

Front 30

The earliest archaeological evidence of humans in Australia is from _________, dating to _________.

Back 30

Lake Mungo; 40,000 yBP

Front 31

Modern diseases made possible by overcrowding include, but are not limited to:

Back 31

measles, mumps, cholera,smallpox and influenza.

Front 32

New World domesticated products include:

Back 32

cotton

Front 33

Domestication produced more food per unit area of land than had hunting and gathering, meaning:

Back 33

more people could be fed from the same amount of land.

Front 34

Agriculture resulted in:

Back 34

population sedentism and crowding.

Front 35

The archaeological record suggests that farming began in southeastern Turkey by:

Back 35

10,500 yBP.

Front 36

As towns and cities began to compete for increasingly limited resources:

Back 36

organized warfare developed.

Front 37

Comparisons of the bones from hunter-gatherers’ to later agriculturalists’ to modern peoples’:

Back 37

show a remarkable decline in size.

Front 38

The masticatory-functional hypothesis:

Back 38

states that change in skull form represents a response to decreased demands on the chewing muscles.

Front 39

The frequent occurrence of agriculturalism around the world was accompanied by two phenomena:

Back 39

decline in nutritional quality and increase in infectious disease.

Front 40

__________ iron is found in some foods that provide all the amino acids humans require in their diet:

Back 40

Heme