Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Anthropos
|
Human
|
|
|
Logos
|
Study
|
|
|
Holistic / Gestalt
|
All comes together
|
|
|
4 Fields of Anthropology
|
1. Physical a) forensic b) primatology
2. Archaeology 3. Linguistic 4. Culture |
|
|
Ethnography
|
Participant Observation (Field Study)
|
|
|
Enthnocentrism
|
one society rules are superior to others --> discrimination
|
|
|
Culture Relativism
|
Non Judgmental
|
|
|
Heliocentric solar system
|
Copernicus - planets rotate around sun
|
|
|
Geocentric solar system
|
Earth is center of universe --> wrong
|
|
|
Big Bang
|
20 Billion Years ago - cosmic explosion
|
|
|
Charles Darwin
|
Theory of Evolution - Natural Selection; "Origin of Species"
|
|
|
Charles Lyell
|
Uniformitarianism - little catastrophies by god (1000); Catastrophism (about5)
|
|
|
Jean Lamark
|
evolution takes place through acquired characteristics (mice - no tail) --> not true
|
|
|
Charles Linnaeus
|
"Systema Natura" - "System of Nature"; classified things into species
|
|
|
Taxonomy
|
Kingdom - Animals
Class - Mammals Order - Primates Genus/Species - Homo |
|
|
Gregor Mendel
|
Heredity
some dominant alleles are able to mask recessive ones |
|
|
Law of Segregation
|
Genes for particular trait stay through generations
|
|
|
Heterozygous
|
Dominant and Recessive gene retain separate ID's through generations
|
|
|
Homozygous
|
Both genes are either dominant or recessive
|
|
|
Law of Assortment
|
Genes that control different traits are inherited independent of another
|
|
|
Herbert Spencer
|
"Survival of Fittest"
Misinterpreted Darwin --> gave right to dominate |
|
|
After Big Bang
|
Atmosphere before life: methane ...
Primordial broth heated by bottom and top --> energy source --> plant like bacteria --> 1st plants --> photosynthesis ... |
|
|
Creationism
|
Bible Story (7 days)
|
|
|
Hypothesis
|
educated guess, testable, observable, correctable
|
|
|
Theory
|
validated hypothesis
|
|
|
Mitosis
|
cell division --> Identical copy
|
|
|
Meiosis
|
cell division --> produces sex cells (half of chromosomes)
|
|
|
Watson / Crick
|
Found genes are portions of DNA
Double Helix |
|
|
DNA
|
Sugar, Protein, Basis
Basis: Thymein, Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine - unique |
|
|
Natural Selection
|
Favoring one individual over another to create next generation
|
|
|
Adaptian
|
Beneficial adjustments to environment
|
|
|
Phenotype
|
Traits that are seen
|
|
|
Genotype
|
Traits that are not seen
|
|
|
Mutations
|
Random genetic change
Change alteration that produces new genetic material |
|
|
Genetic Drift
|
Chance fluctation within a gene pool
Effects smaller population "Founders Effect" - Amish-6 finger dwarf |
|
|
Gene Flow
|
Alleles from one gene pool get introduced into another
|
|
|
4 forces responsible for change in gene pool.
|
1. Mutation
2. Genetic Drift 3. Gene Flow 4. Natural Selection |
|
|
Jane Goodall
|
"Chimps use tools"
Tanzania |
|
|
Dian Fossey
|
Gorilla's are gentle in nature
|
|
|
Pascal de Challin
|
Gorilla's are fierce, hostile, aggressive
|
|
|
"Descent of Man"
|
Book of Charles Darwin
Predicted "Missing Link" |
|
|
Plesiadapis
|
oldest known primate fossil
|
|
|
Ramapithecus
|
oldest known homonoid fossil
|
|
|
Baboon
|
Estrus (female swell --> sex)
live in troops --> safety Males dominance - hierachy |
|
|
Barbara Smuts
|
Female baboon chooses friend as sexual partner
|
|
|
Imo
|
learned behavior - not instinct
japanese |
|
|
Harry Harlow
|
Monkeys need love
|
|
|
Chimpanzees
|
genetically closest to human (98% DNA)
Dominance with fingers Hate water |
|
|
Bonobos
|
Promiscuous
use sex to bond and gain acceptance |
|
|
Gibbons
|
Tree acrobats
Monogamous |
|
|
Maeve Leakey
|
discovered oldest bipedal hominoid
Australopithecine Anamensis |
|
|
Diasthema
|
space between canine and other teeth
32; 2-1-2-3 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars |
|
|
Bipedal
|
Foramen Magnum (opening in skull that connects brain and spinal cord)
S-shaped spine (body upright) Shape of pelvis - wider |
|
|
Parabolic shaped Jaw
|
Human - arch
|
|
|
Stereoscopic vision
|
complete 3 dimensional vision from binocular vision
|
|
|
Alea iacta est
|
Turning Point
Caesar; River called Rubicon; Rome Related: Apes/Human Nature decided below 600cc's ape over hominoid |
|
|
Apes
|
Quadrepeds
Knuckle walkers |
|
|
Life
|
Began 3.8 billion years ago
Prokaryotes (plants) --> bacteria --> first life Protozoa --> animals --> eat organic matter |
|
|
Bishop James Ussher
|
said that world was created 4,004 B.C. at 9 PM
|
|
|
Melvin Konner
|
incest taboo
|
|
|
Barry Bogin
|
plasticity - milk
taller dutch men than american men |
|
|
Lee Cronk
|
women who reduce breat feeding --> greater risk of breast cancer
|
|
|
Barbare Smuts
|
baboon females mate with male that cares for child
|
|
|
Heather Pringle
|
Ice Age Women
healers and provided 70% of diet |
|
|
Vaughn Bryant
|
Humans evolved to eat unsatured fats, little sugar and salt
|
