Anthropology 011

Front 1

What happened to the Ancestral Puebloan peoples living in Mesa Verde communities after AD 1300?

Back 1

They moved south and east and took up residence in Chaco communities and around the Rio Grande.

Front 2

Accumulating evidence indicates that the first farming communities in the American Southwest were likely settled by

Back 2

Uto-Aztecan speakers expanding northward out of Mexico

Front 3

Which of the following is the most likely ecological reason for the adoption of agriculture in the Southwest and Northern Mexico?

Back 3

Agriculture initially buffered the risk of poor hunting and gathering returns in unstable environments.

Front 4

Which of the following is NOT part of the “Upper Sonoran Agricultural Complex”?

Back 4

Manioc

Front 5

Based on evidence obtained using dendrochronology, which of the following do we know began to plague the Southwest farmers after 1150 CE?

Back 5

Periodic droughts

Front 6

Which of the following Archaic cultures formed the foundation for the Ancestral Pueblo tradition?

Back 6

Oshara (Basketmaker)

Front 7

Which of the following BEST describes why the Navajo and Apache were able to move into and be successful in areas that were largely abandoned by previous farmers?

Back 7

they possessed hunter-gatherers adaptations that were better suited to current environmental conditions

Front 8

Why was the construction of irrigation systems in the deserts of the Greater Southwest by the Hohokam culture not as difficult and unlikely as it may seem?

Back 8

canals can be dug from fast-flowing rivers using only baskets and digging sticks with gravity as a guide

Front 9

Trade goods from Mesoamerica were brought north to Chaco in exchange for what item from the Greater Southwest?

A) maize

Back 9

Turquoise

Front 10

Early Mogollon villages were typically located ______________, presumably for _____________.

Back 10

on hilltops and bluffs; defensive purposes

Front 11

_______________ culture - the best known of the formative cultures of later Mesoamerican societies - provided the basis for the elaborate calendrical systems of the Maya.

Back 11

Olmec

Front 12

Teotihuacan became the greatest urban center in the Basin of Mexico after much of the infrastructure of the city of Cuicuilco was destroyed by _______________.

Back 12

several volcanic eruptions

Front 13

Which of the following best describes the gallery of danzantes at Monte Alban?

Back 13

a depiction of dozens of sacrificial victims

Front 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the principle architectural feature of Teotihuacan?

Back 14

Temple of the Inscriptions

Front 15

The foundation for the development of the first complex societies in North American was provided by the domestication of plants in Mesoamerica, especially maize and _________.

Back 15

beans

Front 16

The politically dominant ethnic group in the Valley of Oaxaca during the Classic Period was the ________________.

Back 16

Zapotecs

Front 17

The collapse of Copan and other classic Mayan ceremonial centers is most likely due to changes resulting from _________________.

Back 17

unpredictable variations in precipitation and temperature

Front 18

All of the following are Olmec traits that are major themes in later Mesoamerican cultures EXCEPT:

Back 18

elaborate written music

Front 19

Which of the following was NOT a center of the Classic Maya?

Back 19

Teotihuacan

Front 20

Which of the following is NOT true about our knowledge of the the ball games played in Mesoamerica?

Back 20

Absolutely nothing is known about the rules of the game or how it was actually played.

Front 21

Approximately how many Gods were likely recognized by the Aztecs as part of their religious practice (maximum number inventoried so far)?

Back 21

100+ - gods for almost every aspect of daily-life

Front 22

Which of the following best describes the Aztec “flowery wars”?

Back 22

staged opportunities for warriors to gain prestige and take captives for sacrifice

Front 23

Which of the following best describes the fate of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan?

Back 23

It was deliberately destroyed by the Spanish and buried under rubble until discovered in 1978.

Front 24

As the result of ______________________________, only 13 of the countless books created by Aztec scribes are known to have survived to the present day.

Back 24

the efforts of the Spanish to systematically eradicate non-Christian texts

Front 25

____________was a confederacy of four small city-states that existed completely surrounded by the Aztec Empire, but that was unable to be conquered.

Back 25

Tlaxcala

Front 26

An "atlatl" can best be described as __________________.

Back 26

a spear thrower

Front 27

___________, the capital of the Toltec Empire, was probably initially founded around 700CE.

Back 27

Tula

Front 28

The two main island cities at the heart of the Aztec empire were ___________ and ______________.

Back 28

Tlatelolco and Tenochtitlan

Front 29

The _________________ was a unique and short-lived expansion of Maya chiefdoms on the Yucatan peninsula due to the introduction of new water storage technology and the influx of ideas and immigrants from other parts of Mesoamerica

Back 29

Puuc phenomenon

Front 30

The pochteca can be best described as ________________.

Back 30

Aztec long-distance traders

Front 31

All of the following are characteristics of chiefdoms EXCEPT that ___________.

Back 31

they are very stable and often last for a very long time

Front 32

In the Mississippian region, an important non-agricultural source of protein was provided by ______________.

Back 32

Fish

Front 33

The largest single earthen mound north of Mesoamerica is Monks' Mound at the site of __________________.

Back 33

Cahokia

Front 34

A "charnel house" can be best described as ______________.

Back 34

a mortuary structure designed to hold the remains of distinguished ancestors

Front 35

The selection of marriages according to the Natchez rank system resulted in____________________.

Back 35

slow upward social mobility of commoners over the course of generations

Front 36

Mississippian polities with large platform mound, chiefdom centers arose in the Eastern Woodlands ___________.

Back 36

after Mesoamerican maize was added to the regional diet

Front 37

The loose set of symbolically charged symbols and artifacts found at Mississippian sites is known as the __________.

Back 37

Southeastern Ceremonial Complex

Front 38

All of the following are true of the "vacant quarter" EXCEPT that _______________.

Back 38

the area was rapidly depopulated by a flu epidemic

Front 39

How can we tell that Mississippian people were eating more maize than people that came before them?

Back 39

human remains have elevated levels of Carbon-13 in their bones and exhibit poor dental health

Front 40

Which of the following occurred at the Spiro site in the 1930s and has hindered our ability to make reliable conclusions about the role of the town in relations between Mesoamerica and the Eastern Woodlands?

Back 40

the Pocola Mining Company looted the site and removed thousands of artifacts

Front 41

Which of the following is the major assumption underlying the in situ hypothesis as posed by James Griffin?

Back 41

migration is rare and has to be supported by strong evidence before it can be inferred

Front 42

During the Medieval Maximum the boundary at which 120 frost free days occur annually shifted further _____________.

Back 42

North

Front 43

Why did maize not become a staple crop for all Eastern Algonquians living along the Atlantic coast?

Back 43

maize farming was not needed where fishing, shellfishing, and other forms of hunting and gathering were highly productive

Front 44

Which of the following directly resulted in the displacement of Northern Iroquoian swidden farmers ?

Back 44

out-competition by European colonists using domestic draft animals

Front 45

In general, the onset of epidemics in the American Northeast and Midwest was delayed by _______________.

Back 45

the absence of European children who carried the germs that Native Americans lacked immunity towards

Front 46

Algonquian rock art emphasizes imagery of _________________

Back 46

transformation and sexuality

Front 47

Which of the following led to the development of the Iroquoian longhouse?

Back 47

strong matrilineal organization and matrilocal postmarital residence

Front 48

What characterizes graves at the Norris Farm site in western Illinois?

Back 48

widespread skeletal trauma and evidence of violence, suggesting endemic warfare

Front 49

Which of the following best describes the League of the Iroquois?

Back 49

a weak political alliance that existed primarily for mutual defense, occasional military offense, and coping with European colonial expansion