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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
reciprocity
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governs exchange between social equals;
one of three principles of exchange; major exchange mode in band and tribal societies. |
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Balanced Reciprocity
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exchanges between people who are more distantly related than are members of the same band or household.
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generalized reciprocity
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exchanges among closely related individuals
*personal gifts |
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Negative Reciprocity
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potentially hostile exchanges among strangers
*stealing horses |
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Economizing
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allocation of scarce means among alternative ends to maximize profits
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Economy
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system of resource production,distibution, and consumption
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Market Principle
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buying, selling, and valuation based on supply and demand.
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means of production
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major productive resource
*land, labor, tech, capital |
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mode of production
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specific set of social relations that organises labor
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Peasant
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small scale farmer with rent fund obligations
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Reciprocity Continuum
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change from generalized to negative
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Redistribution
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flow of goods into center(power), then back out(common).
characteristic of chiefdoms. |
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The World System
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idea that a discernible social system, based on wealth and power differentials, transcends individual countries
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Capitalist World Economy
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profit oriented global economy based on production for sale
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Bourgeoisie
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owners of the means of production
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capital
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wealth invested with the intent of producing profit
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Colonialism
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long-term foreign control of a territory and its people
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Communism
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political movement aimed at replacing capitalism with soviet style communism
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communism
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property owned by the community;
people working for the common good |
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Core
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dominant position in the world system; nations with advanced systems of production
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Imperialism
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policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territory and people.
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Indigenous Peoples
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original inhabitants of particular areas
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Industrial Revolution
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socioeconomic transformation through industrialization
(traditional to modern) |
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Intervention Philosophy
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ideological justification for outsides to guide or rule native peoples
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Neoliberalism
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governments shouldnt regulate private enterprise; free market forces should rule
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Periphery
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weakest structural and economic position in the world system
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semiperiphery
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position in the world system intermediate between core and periphery
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Postcolonial
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relations between european nations and areas they colonized and once ruled
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proletariat
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*working class
made up of people who had to sell their labor to survive |
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webers three dimensions of power
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-wealth
-power -prestige |
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Domestic-Public Dichotomy
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work at home versus more valued work outside
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extra domestic
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outside the home;public
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Gender Roles
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the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex
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gender stereotypes
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oversimplified, strongly held views about males and females.
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gender stratification
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unequal distribution of social resources between men and women
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matrilocality
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married couple resides in wife's community
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patrilocality
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married couples resides in husbands community
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matrilineal descent
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descent traced through women only
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patrilineal descent
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descent traced through men only
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matrifocal
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mother-centered;
household with no resident husband/father |
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Patrilineal-Patrilocal Complex
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male supremacy based on patrilineality, patrilocality, and warfare.
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sexual orientation
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sexual attraction to persons of the male, female, or both sexes
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Senual Dimorphism
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marked differences in male and female biology besides the contrasts in breasts and genitals
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family of orientation
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nuclear family in which one is born and grows up
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Family of Procreation
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nuclear family established when one marries and has children
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Descent Group
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group based on belief in shared ancestry
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Neolocality
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couple establishes new residence
"home of their own" |
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Extended Family Household
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household with three or more generations
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Unilineal Descent
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matrineal or patrilineal descent
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Lineage
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unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent
*trace link from jesus i.e. we all came from jesus |
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Clan
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unilineal descent group based on stipulated descent
*dont trace link to jesus |
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Ambilineal
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flexible descent rule, neither patrilineal nor matrilineal
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Kinship Calculation
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how people in a particular society figure out kin relations
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Ego
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position from which one views the egocentric genalogy or their kinship
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Functional Explanation
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one based on correlation or co-occurrence of social variables
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Lineal Kinship Terminology
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four parental kin terms; m, f, fb=mb, and mz=fz
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Lineal Relative
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ego's(one's) direct ancestors and descendants
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Bifurcate Merging Kinship Terminology
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four parental kin terms; m=mz; f=fb; mb and fz each stands alone
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Bifurcate Collateral Kinship Terminology
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six separate parental kin terms: m, f,mb,mz,fb, and fz
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Generational Kinship Terminology
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just two parental kin terms: m=mz=fz and f=fb=mb
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Affinals
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relatives by marriage(in-laws)
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Collateral Relative
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relative outside ego's(one's) direct line
*b,z,fb,mz |
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Fictive Kin
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personal relationships modeled on kinship
*godparents and god children |