Anthro Test 4

Front 1

Miocene victoriapithecids are considered primitive ancestors of all living New World monkeys:
a) true
b) false

Back 1

b) false

Front 2

Adapids had a tooth comb in the lower jaw, like living lemurs
a) true
b) false

Back 2

b) false

Front 3

Based on their morphology, omomyids are probably closely related to tarsiers:
a) true
b) false

Back 3

a) true

Front 4

The first true primates (euprimates) appear in the fossil record about 56 mya.
a) true
b) false

Back 4

a) true

Front 5

The skeleton of most Miocene apes was more like that of living monkeys than like that of living apes:
a) true
b) false

Back 5

a) true

Front 6

The group of archaic mammals that lived during the Paleocene epoch and are likely very closely related to the earliest primates are:
a) plesiadapiforms
b) omomyids
c) adapids
d) tarsiers

Back 6

a) plesiadapiforms

Front 7

During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?
a) Prosimians
b) Monkeys
c) Apes
D) Humans

Back 7

c) apes

Front 8

The earliest known South American primate is a 26-million-year-old monkey from Bolivia called:
a) Theropithecus
b) Branisella
c) Proconsul
d) Afropithecus

Back 8

b) Branisella

Front 9

The very large baboon-like monkey (up to 80 kg or 176 lbs) that lived during the African Plio-Pleistocene was:
a) Proconsul major
b) Oreopithecus babolii
c) Sivapithecus indicus
d) Theropithecus oswaldi

Back 9

d) Theropithecus oswaldi

Front 10

Both Colobines and Cercopithecines appear in the late Miocene fossil record, representing the two subfamilies of living:
a) apes
b) lemurs
c) Old World monkeys
d) New World monkeys

Back 10

c) Old World monkeys

Front 11

Direct radiometric dating of volcanic rocks provides very accurate ages for many East African Rift Valley hominid sites:
a) true
b) false

Back 11

a) true

Front 12

The first hominids appeared in Africa about 2-3 mya:
a) true
b) false

Back 12

b) false

Front 13

In 1959, Louis Leakey described the first specimen of Australopithecus ever discovered:
a) true
b) false

Back 13

b) false

Front 14

Fossil remains of the pre-australopithecines are found throughout most of the Old World, from Africa to East Asia:
a) true
b) false

Back 14

b) false

Front 15

All the early hominids from Africa older than 2 million years possessed small brains, the size of apes':
a) true
b) false

Back 15

a) true

Front 16

The fossil nicknamed "Lucy" is a member of which species?
a) Australopithecus anamensis
b) Ardipithecus ramidus
c) Australopithecus afarensis
d) Australopithecus africanus

Back 16

c) Australopithecus afarensis

Front 17

Each of the following traits is found in a bipedal hominid EXCEPT:
a) a wide, short pelvis
b) a big toe in line with the other toes
c) an angled thigh bone
d) a foramen magnum far back on the skull

Back 17

d) a foramen magnum far back on the skull

Front 18

The Laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in having:
a) a rounded heel
b) a nondivergent big toe
c) a double arch
d) all of the above

Back 18

d) all of the above

Front 19

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:
a) abundant stone tools
b) animal bones with cutmarks
c) evidence for early Homo
d) fossil footprints

Back 19

b) animal bones with cutmarks

Front 20

Which of the following is NOT considered a robust australopithecine?
a) Australopithecus boisei
b) Australopithecus anamensis
c) Australopithecus aethiopicus
d) Australopithecus robustus

Back 20

b) Australopithecus anamensis

Front 21

Homo habilis used Acheuian hand axes:
a) true
b) false

Back 21

b) false

Front 22

Homo erectus had long legs as compared to earlier hominids:
a) true
b) false

Back 22

a) true

Front 23

Homo habilis likely spent appreciable time in the trees:
a) true
b) false

Back 23

a) true

Front 24

Homo habilis had controlled use of fire:
a) true
b) false

Back 24

b) false

Front 25

Evidence from the Nariokotome Boy suggests that modern human growth patterns were already present in Homo erectus:
a) true
b) false

Back 25

b) false

Front 26

Classic Homo erectus cranial features include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) thick cranial bones
b) large browridges
c) rounded skull
d) sagittal keel

Back 26

c) rounded skull

Front 27

Analysis of Homo erectus teeth found at Zhoukoudian suggests that controlled use of fire allowed this species to:
a) ward of predators
b) expand into more temperate environments
c) make foods easier to chew
d) none of the above

Back 27

c) make foods easier to chew

Front 28

Fossil evidence of cut marks made with stone tools at early hominid sites suggests that:
a) meat eating started only with the appearance of Homo erectus and stone tools
b) big game hunting was the most common way early hominids obtained meat
c) meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced technology
d) none of the above

Back 28

c) meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced technology

Front 29

Relative to Oldowan tools, Acheulean stone tools:
a) had a narrower range of functions
b) used fewer raw materials
c) were characterized by fewer tool types
d) required more learning and skill to produce

Back 29

d) required more learning and skill to produce

Front 30

Evidence of cannibalism among early hominids is found at:
a) Zhoukoudian, China
b) Gran Dolina, Spain
c) Olduvai Gorge, Kenya
d) Sangiran, Java

Back 30

b) Gran Dolina, Spain

Front 31

The earth is about 4.6 billion years old:
a) true
b) false

Back 31

a) true

Front 32

Rapid burial after death usually impedes fossilization:
a) true
b) false

Back 32

b) false

Front 33

Fossils are typically recovered within igneous rock exposures:
a) true
b) false

Back 33

b) false

Front 34

In terms of geologic time, human beings are a very recent arrival on Earth:
a) true
b) false

Back 34

a) true

Front 35

Fossils representing most of the living groups of animals (e.g., fish, insects, mammas) derive from the Precambrian eon:
a) true
b) false

Back 35

b) false

Front 36

The study of what happens to an organism's remains after death is:
a) archaeology
b) cryptozoology
c) biology
d) taphonomy

Back 36

d) taphonomy

Front 37

The theory that species persist for long periods and then undergo rapid spurts of evolutionary change is:
a) phyletic gradualism
b) punctuated equilibrium
c) parallel evolution
d) convergent evolution

Back 37

b) punctuated equilibrium

Front 38

The "supercontinent" that existed about 200 mya, from which the modern continents ultimately emerged, is called:
a) Eurasia
b) Afronesia
Australasia
d) Pangaea

Back 38

d) Pangaea

Front 39

If fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers containing fossil species B, then A is considered older than B. This relative dating technique is based on the principle of:
a) superposition
b) paleomagnetism
c) fluorine analysis
d) geolayering

Back 39

a) superposition

Front 40

Prior to the invention of absolute dating techniques, one of the chemical dating methods useful for establishing the relative age of fossils from a single site was:
a) fission track dating
b) thermoluminescence dating
c) electron spin resonance dating
d) fluorine dating

Back 40

d) fluorine dating