Anthro Test 2

Front 1

What are the two areas we are studying regarding Textiles?

Back 1

Navajo and NW Coast

Front 2

What do the Navajo call themselves?

Back 2

Dine or Na Dine which means the people

Front 3

Are Navajo considered Pueblo Peoples?

Back 3

No. Navajo are not Pueblo People.

Front 4

What type of speakers are the Navajo?

Back 4

Athapaskan

Front 5

Were they welcomed when they arrived in Anasazi Territory?

Back 5

No they were not welcomed.

Front 6

What were the Navajo's nicknamed upon their arrival?

Back 6

Head Pounders

Front 7

Who are the Navajo related to?

Back 7

Apache

Front 8

What prison camp did the Navajo and Apache go to?

Back 8

Bosque Redondo

Front 9

What is the walk to Bosque Redondo called?

Back 9

the "Longest Walk"

Front 10

Pre-Bosque Redondo did the Navajo have dau patterns or escape lines?

Back 10

No. It was only after the "Longest Walk" did they incorporate these designs into their textiles.

Front 11

Explain what an "Escape Line" is in Navajo Textiles

Back 11

An escape line is a space to lines won't connect. The space is to enable negative energy to get out in case it is trapped in the design.

Front 12

What are the Navajo concerned with maintaining?

Back 12

Hozro

Front 13

Describe what Hozro is

Back 13

Hozro is a spiritual state of balance.

Front 14

What is a "skin walker"

Back 14

The Navajo believe that a dead or dying person is a skin walker and they can inhabit other people- they stay away from them.

Front 15

What does a Navajo person do if they come in contact with a "skin walker"?

Back 15

There is a 4 day ceremony with singing that takes place to rid one of these beings.

Front 16

What type of house does a Navajo person live in?

Back 16

A Hogan- it is a small round home.

Front 17

Do the Navajo live close together in groups?

Back 17

No they do not. They like to live separate and far away from other people.

Front 18

How would you ask a Navajo where they were from?

Back 18

"Where are you born to"? or Where is your umbilical cord buried.

Front 19

Name 4 trading posts in Navajo territory.

Back 19

Two Grey Hills, Crystal Springs, Ganado, Window Rock.

Front 20

Which direction wold a door face in a Navajo home?

Back 20

The door would face east.

Front 21

What was the earliest type of yarn used?

Back 21

Cotton

Front 22

What creates the weft in a textile?

Back 22

Weft is created by spinning wool into yarn.

Front 23

What is the most specific trait of a Navajo Textile?

Back 23

Continuous Warp

Front 24

What is continuous warp?

Back 24

Continuous Warp is a single string that goes from top to bottom. There is typically no fringe.

Front 25

What is the edge called that the yarn runs through?

Back 25

a Selvage Edge

Front 26

One of the ideas the Navajo utilized in their textiles was a man's wearing garment. Which was?

Back 26

Serape

Front 27

Do Navajo have chiefs?

Back 27

No, Navajo have a "head man".

Front 28

Describe what "spinning" the yarn is.

Back 28

Spinning is taking a clump of cleaned wool and twisting it onto a spindle, twisting it into yarn.

Front 29

Navajo yarn is a ____ twist yarn.

Back 29

Two Twist.

Front 30

T or F: Navajo yarn always twists the same way.

Back 30

True.

Front 31

While using a loom there are two sticks. Name them.

Back 31

Shed and Heddle.

Front 32

What is the purpose of a Shed and Heddle Stick?

Back 32

A Shed stick pulls the strands of warp up and a Heddle pulls the strands of weft up so that you can weave in between easier.

Front 33

What are lazy lines.

Back 33

These are the small breaks in the weave pattern where the weaver has worked in a particular area.

Front 34

Is the yarn in a Navajo textile uniform?

Back 34

No. The yarn used in Navajo textile is irregular and not perfectly uniform.

Front 35

T or F: Navajo Textiles use Single Ply, 2 twist yarn.

Back 35

True.

Front 36

What type of textile is this?

Back 36

Navajo Chief Blanket

Front 37

What type of stick is this?

Back 37

It is called a Shed stick

Front 38

What do the Navajo call themselves?

Back 38

Na Dine

Front 39

What does Na Dine mean to the Navajo?

Back 39

Na Dine means "The People".

Front 40

What language do the Navajo speak?

Back 40

Athaspakan.

Front 41

Do most Navajo textiles have Warp Fringe?

Back 41

No. Most Navajo Textiles do NOT have Warp Fringe.

Front 42

What Navajo Textile has Fringe?

Back 42

Gallop has fringe.

Front 43

What does Spider symbolize to the Navajo culture?

Back 43

Spider is seen as the patron saint of weaving.

Front 44

Is there a Navajo ritual that uses spider webs on a baby girl?

Back 44

yes.

Front 45

What does Maintenance of Valence mean to the Navajo?

Back 45

It means that they believe in bad luck and keeping it away from them

Front 46

In Navajo culture who are the weavers; the women or men?

Back 46

Navajo women are the weavers.

Front 47

T or F: Navajo people are fiercely independent?

Back 47

True

Front 48

What is the stick substance that is in the wool?

Back 48

Lanolin

Front 49

What if you are feeling of a Navajo textile and it's not sticky?

Back 49

Then the yarn is a commercial yarn.

Front 50

How do the Navajo clean the wool after it is sheared from the sheep?

Back 50

They boil the wool to clean out the stickers, burs, bugs.

Front 51

After the wool is boiled what is the next step in making yarn?

Back 51

They fluff the wool by brushing it or carding to get all the fibers to go in one direction.

Front 52

After carding the wool, what is the next step in making yarn?

Back 52

Spinning is the next step.

Front 53

Describe spinning the yarn.

Back 53

Spinning the yarn means twisting the yarn on a device called a Spindle. Wool is pulled out and tightly twisted.

Front 54

Are Pound Rugs good quality Navajo rugs?

Back 54

No. Pound rugs are lousy rugs that use yarn that's only been spun once. They are heavier as they were sold by the pound.

Front 55

After spinning the yarn on a spindle, what is the next step to making a textile?

Back 55

Stringing the Loom.

Front 56

Describe what Continuous Warp is.

Back 56

Continuous Warp is taking one end through the Selvage Edge, up and down, tying ends together to make one long continuous string.

Front 57

How can you tell if a Navajo textile utilized vegetal dye?

Back 57

The color will not be consistent.

Front 58

A vegetal dye of Bigelona will produce what color?

Back 58

Amber

Front 59

A vegetal dye of Onion Skin will produce what color?

Back 59

Amber

Front 60

A vegetal dye of Juniper Bark will produce what color?

Back 60

Reddish Brown

Front 61

A vegetal dye of Coffee will produce what color?

Back 61

Dark Brown

Front 62

A vegetal dye of Sumac, Pinion Pitch or Ocher will produce what color?

Back 62

Black

Front 63

Will vegetal dyes produce brilliant colors?

Back 63

No. Vegetal dyes produce pastel or soft colors.

Front 64

Was it the Navajo's idea to put a border around a textile?

Back 64

No. This was a Western Idea.

Front 65

Why are their connections missing in a textile border? What is this called?

Back 65

Escape lines. They are incorporated into the design so that if there is any negative energy in the weave, it can get out via the escape line. It's so negative energy won't get trapped in the Textile.

Front 66

What is the simple weave of a Navajo Textile called?

Back 66

Tapestry Weave.

Front 67

What do the Navajo do if the textile warp rings are too tight once off the loom?

Back 67

They place steaming sand on the rug and that will flatten it out.