Anthro Final

Front 1

Mutation is:

Back 1

-Any change in the genetic code.

-May involve a single incorrect base in a codon.

Front 2

Darwin's Gradualism:

Back 2

-Involves slow and steady cumulative change.

-Believed by Darwin to lead to new species.

Front 3

Which of the following is NOT a reproductive isolating mechanism?

Back 3

Natural Selection

Front 4

Gene flow results in:

Back 4

-The exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding.

-New genetic combinations in offspring.

Front 5

A genotype is:

Back 5

The alleles possessed by an organism.

Front 6

Punctuated Equilibrium is:

Back 6

-Involves fairly sudden change

-Cannot be depicted as a "ladder"

-Is believed to lead to new species.

Front 7

The following is NOT an absolute dating technique:

Back 7

Stratigraphy

Front 8

The AR Model hypothesizes that Homo sapiens:

Back 8

-Evolved recently as a species

-Evolved in Africa

-Spread to replace more archaic populations

Front 9

The MRE origins model hypothesizes that Homo sapiens:

Back 9

Spread and interbred with more archaic populations.

Front 10

Paleoanthropology

Back 10

The study of the human fossil record based on study of skeletal biology.

Front 11

True or False: Variation is now known to be in the genetic makeup of populations.

Back 11

True

Front 12

True or False: The idea of evolution is simple--- species of living things change over time and under the right circumstances, this change can produce new species of living organisms from existing ones.

Back 12

True

Front 13

True or False: Mendelian genetics showed that inheritance does not involve the blending of substances but, rather, are particulate.

Back 13

True

Front 14

True or False: Fitness is the relative adaptiveness of an individual organism measured ultimately by reproductive success.

Back 14

True

Front 15

True or False: Natural selection works on the variation that is known to be in the genetic makeup of populations.

Back 15

True

Front 16

True or False: A scientist uses "The Scientific Method" which answers questions according to a special set of rules that involves a cycle of steps.

Back 16

True

Front 17

True or False: Adaption is the state in which an organism is adjusted to and can survive in its environment through its physical traits and behaviors.

Back 17

True

Front 18

True or False: Phenotype is the chemical or physical results of genetic code.

Back 18

True

Front 19

When we talk about genes being dominant and recessive there is no value attached to them.

Back 19

True

Front 20

An allele is an alternative from of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.

Back 20

True

Front 21

True or False: Primates of the family Hominidae include: Modern humans, earlier human subspecies, and their direct human ancestors.

Back 21

True

Front 22

True or False: Functionally similar but evolutionarily unrelated traits are known as analogies.

Back 22

True

Front 23

True or False: Homo erectus is known to have spread far out of Africa and adapted to a wide range of temperate, tropical, and cold environments throughout Europe and Asia.

Back 23

True

Front 24

True or False: A taxonomy is a classification system based on similarities and differences.

Back 24

True

Front 25

True or False: Homo erects had overall skeletal proportions much like those of modern humans.

Back 25

True

Front 26

True or False: Stratigraphy is a relative dating technique.

Back 26

True

Front 27

True or False: The early African hominids radiated into three distinct groups, often classified as separate genera Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Homo.

Back 27

True

Front 28

True or False: Humans, Chimpanzees, and Bonobos have all adapted to different environmental niches.

Back 28

True

Front 29

True or False: Most adaptations are cultural.

Back 29

True

Front 30

True or False: Genetic Drift is the exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding.

Back 30

False

Front 31

True or False: Mitosis is the process of cell division in which gametes are produced.

Back 31

False

Front 32

True or False: Genetic flow is the exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding.

Back 32

False

Front 33

True or False: This adaption, called bipedalism (exhibited by modern apes), is a form of locomotion that involves placing the backs of the middle joints of the fingers on the ground.

Back 33

False

Front 34

True or False: Homo habilis "wise person" is a recent, separate species.

Back 34

False

Front 35

True or False: Based on the mitochondrial DNA evidence, Homo neanderthalensis is thought to be a direct ancestor to modern humans.

Back 35

False

Front 36

True or False: The fossil record indicates that an increase in brain size was the first hominid trait to evolve.

Back 36

False

Front 37

True or False: Homo habilis is the fossil find commonly referred to as "Lucy".

Back 37

False

Front 38

The common prehensile ability that modern humans exhibit and share with our close relatives:

Back 38

-Is a shared derived characteristic

-Comes from the same ancient ancestor and serves the same basic function

Front 39

Memorize skeleton

Back 39

memorize skeleton

Front 40

Primatology

Back 40

The study of nonhuman primates

Front 41

Meiosis

Back 41

Process of cell division that produces gametes

Front 42

Mitosis

Back 42

Process of cell division that results in two exact copies of original cell.

Front 43

Gametes

Back 43

Cells of sexual reproduction, sperm and egg, and are the only mutations that concern us for evolution.

Front 44

Nuclear DNA

Back 44

Supports MRE Model.

Front 45

Mitochondrial DNA

Back 45

Supports AR Model

Front 46

Homo neanderthalensis

Back 46

-When looking from Mitochondrial DNA, they are not a part of our ancestry.

-When looking from Nuclear DNA, they are from our ancestry.

-200,000 and 30,000 ya.

Front 47

Genes

Back 47

Those portions of the DNA molecule that code for protein

Front 48

Gene Pool

Back 48

All the alleles in a population

Front 49

Breeding Populations

Back 49

Populations within a species that are genetically isolated to some degree from other populations

Front 50

Quadrupedal

Back 50

Walking on all four limbs

Front 51

Prehensile

Back 51

An adaptation allows the individual to hold a small object in its prehensilehand and walk at the same time.

Front 52

Relative dating technique

Back 52

gives some date range

Front 53

Absolute dating technique

Back 53

gives exact date

Front 54

Hominini

Back 54

In a cladistic taxonomy, the tribe for humans.

Front 55

Australopithecus

Back 55

-Almost certainly our direct ancestor.

-Lucy who was Australopithecus afarensis.

Front 56

Lucy

Back 56

Australopithecus afarensis: found at Hadar, northen Ethiopia. 3.2 mya, fully bipedal, arboreal in the upper body.

Front 57

Homo Sapiens

Back 57

-200 kya to present.

-Wise Man

Front 58

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

Back 58

Because they reflect past mutation, we can use them to estimate evolutionary relationships among individuals and populations.

Front 59

Demography

Back 59

The statistical study of the size and makeup of human populations and changes in those measures is called demography.

Front 60

Melanocytes

Back 60

Specialized skin cells that produce the pigment melanin.

Front 61

Melanin

Back 61

The pigment largely responsible for human skin color.

Front 62

Life Histories

Back 62

Some ways bio anthropologists study living population is through individual life histories.

Front 63

Sex

Back 63

Sex is biological

Front 64

Gender

Back 64

Gender is a folk taxonomy

Front 65

Folk taxonomies

Back 65

The cultural defined categories

Front 66

Subspecies

Back 66

On a biological level, subspecies/races do not exist for our species.

Front 67

Races

Back 67

Subspecies

Front 68

Racism

Back 68

Judging an individual based solely on his or her racial affiliation.

Front 69

Forensic anthropology

Back 69

Identification and analysis of skeletal remains in missing person and accident victims