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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Broad Spectrum Revolution |
In Middle east in 15000 bp and europe in 12000 bp: Kent Flannery made the theory. foragers began foraging a wider range of plants and animals: led to food production |
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Neolithic or Agricultural Revolution |
-permanent settlements -Mesolithic to neolithic happens when at least 50% of diet is domesticated -fueled population growth and expansion |
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Hilly Flanks |
highest area that flank the tigris and euphretes river to the north. Part of ancient middle eastern economy -VERTICAL ECONOMY |
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Natufians |
People that were settled on the hilly flanks and adopted a sedentary lifestyle. Had wheat all year round on the alluvian dessert, piedmont steppe, and hilly flanks, eventually could only get it on hilly flanks due to climate change. Could harvest lots with their tools, needed to store it and stay with it, built storage places, and ovens, and a village. |
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Piedmont Steppe |
The area right below the hilly flanks and was the most likely area to first adopt new subsistence strategies because resources were not as abundant as the hilly flanks. |
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Foraging Bands |
social unit for foragers less than 100 people may split up seasonally -split up based on age -egalitarian |
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Horticulture |
-non-invasive, shifting cultivation (from plot to plot) -SLASH AND BURN -simple tools -low yeild -inequalities begin to emmerge |
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Agriculture |
-Invasive, continuous cultivation, domesticated animals, irrigation, terracing. -More labormore dependable -bigger alteration to land -bigger yeild -imbalanced social system (e.g. peasants) |
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Pastoralism |
Herders, use their animals for everything, pelt, meat, blood, milk, humans integrated among heard. -Pastoral nomadism: entire population moves with the heard -Transhumance: only part of pop moves with heard |
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Market Principle |
Buying, selling based on supply and demand |
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Reciprocity |
Generalized: expect nothing in return Balanced: expect something in return Negative: E.g thievery that is then reciprocated |
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POTLACH |
-Festival where the rich people were like lmao lets feed all these people and give them gifts for the pride of it but then like it became a ******* competition and people lost all their wealth but then the christians came were like **** that so it stopped. |
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FUNDS |
Subsistence fund: money to live on Social fund: for social gatherings n **** Ceremonial funds: like for weddings Replacement fund: for when **** breaks Rent fund: for your landlord |
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Family of Orientation |
nuclear family in which you grow up |
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Family of Procreation |
the family youre in when you marry and have little beeps |
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Neolocality |
couple moves out |
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Matrilineage |
Children of the apex woman is included |
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Patrilineage |
Children of apex man is included |
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Ambilineal |
Are not automatically excluded from lineage, they get to choose or belong to both. Flexibility |
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Lineal (ESKIMOS) Bilateral |
Our system of kinship calculation -Neolocal -nuclear family -industrialism, foraging |
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Collateral Relatives |
siblings, nieces and nephews, aunts and uncles, cousins |
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Lineal relatives |
parents, grandparents, great grandparents, children, grandchildren, great grandchildren |
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Affineals |
Relatives by marriage of lineals or collaterals |
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BIFURCATE MERGING (IROQUOIS) |
On mothers side: sisters of mother are mothers and brother of mothers are uncles. On fathers side: brothers of father are fathers and sisters are aunts -unilineal -patrilocal (VIRILOCALITY) or matrilocal (UXOLOCALITY) (live with mens famiily or womens family) -horticulture, pastoralism, agriculture |
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GENERATIONAL (HAWAIIAN) |
-All mother's and father's brothers and sisters are mothers and fathers too. -More accurately "male and female members of parental generation" -ambilineal, band -ambilocal -agriculture, horticulture, foraging |
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BIFURCATE COLLATERAL (SUDANESE) |
different names for all in parental generation -everything varies |
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matrilatterally skewed |
women do more of the kinship work than the men |
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PARALLEL COUSIN |
CHILD FROM PARENTS SAME SEX SIBLING |
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CROSS COUSIN |
CHILD FROM PARENTS OPPOSITE SEX SIBLING |
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Endogamy and Exogamy |
Marrying within social group and marrying outside of social group |
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Bridewealth or Lobola |
Gift from husband and his kin to bride and hers |
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Dowry |
Gift from wife and her kin to husband and his |
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Plural marriages/Polygamy |
-More than two spouses simultaneously |
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Polygyny |
Man has more than one wife |
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Polyandry |
Women has more than one husband |
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Sororate |
Husband marries sister of dead wife |
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Levirate |
widow marries brother of dead husband |
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Sexual Dimphorism |
Marked differences between men and women different from genitals and breasts |
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Gender stratification |
Unequal distribution of social resources between men and women |
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domestic-public dichtomy |
inside and outside the home are very separate and valued differently |
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Feminization of Poverty |
-Most homes in poverty are run by single women |
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Foraging Bands |
-foraging -lineal or generational -leaders not really leaders -polygyny common |
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Tribes |
Horticulturists or pastoral -live in villiages/decent groups. -has villiage head but does not have much weight. Sometimes have a big man who has influence in several villiages -resolves conflict with mini warefares between villiages -generational or bifurcate merging |
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Sodalites and pantribal sodilites |
-tribes -non-kin associates -non-kin associations based off shared political signficance |
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Chiefdoms |
-Actual political system -made of many villiages -have offices -Being chief is about being the oldest child of the oldest child -Horticulture, agriculture, pastoralism -Bifurcate merging |
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State |
-pop control -judiciary -enforcement -taxation -modern economies -industrialism, agriculture -lineal |
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Animism |
Religious theory where humans came up with it to explain dreams and trances |
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Mana and Taboo |
-force that is special, powerful, dangerous and must be seperated and is to explain power and success systems |
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Other approaches to religion |
-means to deal with anxiety, dealing with life changes, magic, rituals |
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Liminality |
-in between stage of rite of passage -everything is opposite or non-existant from previous or future life -cominitas: going through liminality together must act alike and go through same things -military school, nunhood |
