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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

4 sub fields of anthropology

Physical, archaeology, linguistic, and cultural/ethnology

Physical anthropology

Concerned with humans as biological beings

Linguistic

Study of language and culture

Archaeology

Examine the material traces of past societies

Ethnology

Studies contemporary society and culture

Artifacts

Material traces from the past

Live with other groups to understand their culture

Participant observation

Holistic about anthropology

Combines the biological and cultural phenomena

Ethnocentrism

Judging another society by the values and standards of your own

Cultural relativity

Must be understood within the context of their problems, practices, and values

Inductive

General explanations based on specific observations

Deductive

Begins with theory to develop hypothesis

Fossil

Remains of bones and living material

Acquired characteristics

Advantageous characteristics give more chance to survive so they produce more offspring

Natural selection

Genetic change in a population over time from reproductive success

Mutation

Change in genetic material at a cellular level

Genetic drift

Evolutionary change from random sampling phenomena that eliminates or maintains curtain traits from one generation to another

Founder effect

Type of genetic drift when only a small number of individuals in a population pass on their genes

Gene flow

Exchange of alleles where new genetic material may be introduced

Species

Groups of organisms with similar physical characteristics that can be potentially interbred

Punctuated equilibrium

Theory of evolution that species remain relatively stable with major changes and new species arising rapidly as a result of mutations or changes in elective pressures

Primate

Diverse group of animals such as humans, monkeys, prosimians, and apes

Characteristics of primates

Large brain, keen vision, dexterous hands, generalized skeleton

Who studies primates

Primatologists

Taxonomy

Science of classification

Physica adaptations of primates

Depth perception, opposable thumbs, 3-D vision, dentition. (Teeth), complex brain

Prosimian

First true primates

Where does lemur live

Madagascar

New world monkeys

Prehensile tails from Americas

Old world monkeys

from Europe, Asia

Sexual dimorphism

Differences between males and females in a species

Lucy

Earliest most complete fossil chimpanzee head human body

Measure of success under natural selection

How many offspring you produce

Dominate sense in primates

Vision

Which subfield is concerned with reconstruction of past cultural systems

Cultural anthropology

Advocates the superiority of certain races and inferiority of others

Racism

Earliest primate fossil record

55 million years

Social groups of primates

Troops

Earliest members of genus homo were placed there because of their

Large brain

Primate evolution has produced some morphological characteristics that represent __________ or life in the trees

Arboreal

Speciation occurs when

Portion of a species becomes reproductively isolated from the rest

Earliest and most important trend in hominid evolution

Bipedalism

Basic laws of inheritance can be traced to

Mendel

Earliest well established hominid fossils are placed in this genus

Homo

Earliest primate appear in fossil record during the ____________

Eocene

Proposed explanation for some natural phenomena is called a __________

Theory

Science is ___________

Method of inquiry

Scientists speculate that the first mammals related to the primates appeared during the Paleocene about __________ years ago

65 million

Paleoanthropologists stidy

Fossils from early human history

Grooming in primates is primarily a __________ activity

Social

Gorillas use an unusual quadrupedal form of locomotion called

Knuckle walking

Which subfield is concerned with explaining the behavior variation among human societies

Cultural anthropology

Use of anthropological data to offer practical solutions to problems is called ______________

Applied anthropology

Name of person who made system to classify living things is

Linnaeus