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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alcohol has _____ relevance, it also has _______ significance because it shifts the mental state and physical functioning of the body |
- Socio-cultural - Biological |
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Unless spirituality supports abstinence, _______ is unattainable |
Prohibition |
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Where was wine produced for the first time? |
Georgia |
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Alcohol served as a solution for ____ and ___ |
- Anti-Microbial solution for water - Denial of calories |
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What are the forms of wine? |
- Fortified porto wine - Distilleries |
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_______ Approach means to accept the realities of use and to work with the user to make the use as safe as possible |
Harm reduction |
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What does Emile Durkheim mean when he writes “religion is imminently social”? |
Religious representations are collective representations which express collective realities - A social glue |
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What are Malinowski’s reasons for insisting that Vaygua, which are objects (or tokens) of wealth used by the Trobrianders, are not money? |
Malinowski argues that vaygua are not money and the Trobriander exchange is not a market economy because the objects were embedded into other parts of their culture - Can't be used to measure common wealth - Regulated by culture (everything had a specific) Exchange value was define by culture |
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On what grounds does Franz Boas argue that “the hypothesis of one single general line of development cannot be maintained”? |
If we admit that there may be different ultimate and co-existing types of civilization 1.) disproved that: Mankind experiences life in the same way regardless of culture. each individual goes through life differently 2.) there's no evidence Cultural evolutions was relevant for all human society - there was no prove |
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Evans-Pritchard argues that the theory of unilineal evolution is flawed; what are his reasons for this conclusion? |
They thought that society was a natural system or organism that goes through a necessary course of development that can be reduced to principles or laws Smocf structure meaning origin function complexity - They need to aim to get firm understanding on these thing - Unilineal doesn't study that |
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How does Clifford Geertz define “culture”? |
Culture is the fabric of meaning in which humans interpret their experiences and guide their actions Culture is a historic transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols - Symbolism is public and shared |
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Define and explain the notions of ethnocentrism and culturalrelativism and provide examples of each from everyday life. |
- Ethnocentrism: Looking at other peoples culture through the lens of ones own culture - Cultural relativism: People's culture and values must be understood in terms of the culture they are part of (emic perspective) - Example: The un intervening in Northern Sudan of female circumcision |
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Based on the script of Anne Leonard’s The Story of Stuff, define the notions of planned and perceived obsolescence and explain how harm is done and to what by providing 2 specific examples for each. |
Planned obsolescence: When manufactures produce their product for the dump, it slows down after a while so the user has to eventually get a new one : Iphones, computer Perceived obsolescence: When the user thinks he needs a new device, when what he currently has works perfectly fine ; Fashion, car Harms: - Not seen directly - The cost of making the production is externalized - Toxins released into the environment - Kids leaving school to match the production |
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Define and explain unilineal evolutionism, its link with socialDarwinism, and provide the names of key figures. What important contribution evolutionists have made to social anthropology and general understanding of human society? |
- Human history was thought to have progressed from simpler forms of society to more complex ones - link with social Darwinism: The change in social organism from one generation to the next was determined by the survival of the fittest(natural selection) - Key figures: Edwin Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan - Tylor's legacy on the property of culture is still valid (Shared, learned, symbolic) - He also attacked bio-racism |
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Victor Turner outlines an intriguing hypothesis: the more complex a ritual – incorporating many symbols, for example –the narrower its intended message, while the simpler a ritual– with fewer, simple symbols – the broader its message. Apply this hypothesis to a “traditional” Canadian wedding (formal bridal gowns, bridesmaids, church wedding, exchange of rings, etc.). Do you think Turner’s hypothesis is correct? |
Yes, |
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When Leslie White refers to “energy,” he is clearly including things other than fossil fuel or electricity. For example, in what way was the Agricultural revolution also an energy revolution? |
Man's ability to extract energy from his resources use animal and plant to This was seen as a revolution in Mans ability to efficiently extract energy from plant and animals through animal husbandry |
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Based on Eric Wolf’s text, what differentiates “closed corporate” and “open” peasant societies? |
In closed societies the relationship of individuals are bounded by a common structure while in open societies it allows free permeation of outside influences |
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According to Ruth Benedict, what defines a “deviant” in agiven society? Provide examples from the text. |
- Individuals that don't share the values of their society are seen as deviant - A respected person in a certain culture might be seen as deviant in another, as personalities varies across different cultures |
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Ruth Benedict suggests that the cultural configurations develop in ways similar to art styles. Explain the analogy. |
difference in terms of values that are expressed in various ways |
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Define the Dionysian and Apollonian world views. Why doesRuth Benedict consider the “Pueblo Indians” to be Apollonian and the “Plains Indians” Dionysian? How are these different configurations reflected in different aspects of Native American cultural practices (such as mourning ceremonies?) |
Apollonian: The pursuit of sobriety eg rational, Dionysian: value of excess as an escape of existence beyond the five senses - Plain: They embrace individual display of glory and loss - Pueblo: They value communality of the group and reject individual display of power - The mourning ceremonies are pervasive in plain it is absent from pueblo. Not because of their traits but their the differences in worldview |
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How does Margaret Mead explain her focus on childrearing? Summarize the methods Mead employed for studying children’s behavior in Samoa and Manus? |
- Cultural elasticity ( on how they were educated a group of kids to a certain age) How did the adult arrive at the proper way to - Breast fed - Adolescence sex (Compared if it was appropriate) |
