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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of evolution?
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Evolution is the movement from a lower to higher degree of order and predictability.
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Definition of evolution that can be applied to biological or cultural change?
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Becoming more complex.
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what is a meme?
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Ideas that bring about sources of change. (positive or negative)
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What is the parallel between memes and culture?
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ideas that bring about a cultural change.
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What is the parallel between memes and biology?
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ideas that bring about a change biologically. Changes physiologically.
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Name the 5 sources of memes
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Mystics, Shaman, Sapiential circle, culture shock, media
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Define values
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things worth working for
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Define Ethics
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Behaviors that are considered desirable and acceptable
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Define virtues
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Personal qualities considered (we think are) desirable
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Identify 8 American values
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1. Equality
2. Individulism 3. Effort.Optimism 4. Achievement/Success 5. Efficiency 6. Material Comfort 7. Perfection 8. Progress |
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How has globalization impacted developing countries?
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It has spread the values of western culture around the world
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What memes have been introduced through globalization?
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The meme of individualism
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What is the term that refers to the process of learning a culture different from the one you were raised in?
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Aculturation
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What is the term that refers to the reaction one might experience when adjusting to another culture?
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Culture shock
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What is the term which suggest a point in cultural evolution at which one can't predict what is to come?
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singularity
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What is a cultural universal?
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They are similar behaviors that address the same need
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Name the 6 Cultural Universals
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1. Survival
2. belonging 3. Communication 4. order and predictability 5. Meaning and purpose 6. Creativity |
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Which part of the brain is related to emotions?
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Limbic brain
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What cultural factors impact the limbic brain development?
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Ways people raise children, every culture has their own way. Ex: not picking up a child when they are crying
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What explanation is given for profound human relationships that are referred to as soul mates?
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Similar limbic developments
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In biological evolutionary terms, what is meant by the term fit?
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It means to live long enough to reproduce
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How is sickle cell anemis considered a condition that provides a selective advantage?
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in certain countries, malaria affect ppl w/o sickle cell , killing them. It allows them to live longer and reproduce.
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What is the foramen magnum
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Hole in the skull connecting spinal cord to brain
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Why was the foramen magnum used to determine upright stance and human like capacities?
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The foramen magnum was straight below the center of the skull and it showed that the "homo" stood up straight. Able to use arms not for locomotion.
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Define culture
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All the things you learn as a result on living in a human society.
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What is the term that refers to the process of learning the culture you were born into?
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Enculturation
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What cultural revolution followed the agricultural revolution?
WHEN? WHERE? |
The Industrial revolution. In 1700s, In England.
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What is meant when culture is described as superorganic?
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It means that culture is not part of our physical body, but we need it to survive.
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What parallels of superorganic are found in nature
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Fish in water
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What is ethnocentrism?
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The way you go about getting your needs met is the way everyone else should follow,.
one consciously believes that one's people's arts are the most beautiful, values the most virtuous, and beliefs the most truthful. |
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How do you relate fundamentalism and other dogmatic beliefs to ethnocentrism?
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Fundamentalist are concerned about geting their needs met, and they can't have any doubts about getting things.
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how might cultural relativism be considered an antidote to problems that result from ethnocentrism?
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the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities are understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. Ex: sacred cow to indians
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What do anthropologists mean when they suggest a mixed salad metaphor for American Culture
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We want to create a diverse society. Differences are appreciated. W/O differences, there would be no choice.
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How does mixed salad relate to the biological concept of hybrid vigor?
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Notion that blending together (mixed salad) you come up with a better solutions
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What is hybrid vigor?
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In biology, mixed breeds areof animals, plants or people after reproduction will have healthier offspring if mating partner is from a different breed.
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name traits that define our nature
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All have same needs, reflexes are also similar.
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What relevance does the critical learning period have to do with the culture
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Means that if we are only able to learn during a specific period during child development, then how are we defined by our ever changing culture
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What examples can you give to suggest that our model for life is reflected in our model for life.
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Values of individualism.
Desire to manipulate things. technological advancements. |
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What is the critical learning period?
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period during development here we are more open to learning new things.
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What 5 things qualify a culture to be referred to as a civilization?
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1. Alphabet
2. Urban Centers 3. monumental architecture 4. Social stratification 5. beginning of science |
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What 3 ideas directed/guided the founding fathers in their creation of the government of the USA
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1. All human beings are created equal
2. All human beings have the capacity to reason 3. All human beings have the capacity to know the mind of God. |
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What is the iconic representation of the value places on individualism?
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The Cowboy
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Define Epistemology?
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How you know what you know
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4 types of epistemology
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1. Empirical
2. Intuition 3. Intellectual 4. Transcendent |
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Empirical epistemology-define
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Based on 5 senses
Things that can be perceived by the 5 senses. |
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Intellectual epistemology - define
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based on research, study. Experts have written and research it therefore it must be true
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Intuition epistemology - define
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based on gut feeling
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transcendent epistemology
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Connected to something larged than yourself.
Mystics, shamans, artists, Near death experience experience a connection with the divine |
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Define Paradigm
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A set of assumptions about reality (worldview) (Model of life)
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Fish in water analogy
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water is not part of a fish's biology, but a fish needs water to survive
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Worldview
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Every human being has a model of life or worldview regarding their reality.
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Model of life
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Model of life determines model for life
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Great organism
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All things are derived from mother earth and are related
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Great machine
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All the results of a series of accidents. Manipulation and control is the goal.
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Great mind
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All humans contain spark of divine within. let go and let God.
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Great Dogma
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Attempt to find a grounding in a sea of change by referencing the holy books.
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fundamentalist holy book adherence
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Everything you need to do or learn, you can find by following the holy books, like the koran, bible, etc.
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What is globalization?
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Spread of western culture in non-western worlds.
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what is systemic misunderstandings
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Conflicting world views/paradigms.
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Define (Physical) Evolution
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Change which results in a higher degree of organization and complexity in the biological or physical organism.
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Homo habilis
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Stone tool
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Homo erectus
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Fire
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Homo neanderthal
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burial and evidence of compassion
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homo sapians
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cave art and paradigm
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