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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fictive Relative |
related by agreement, such as godparents, foster children, friend-of-family “uncles” and “aunts” |
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Extended family household |
three or more generations |
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Lineage |
relationships traced to a common known ancestor |
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Cross-cousin marriage |
marrying a cousin related to ego by mothers brother or fathers sister |
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Monogamy |
one groom, one bride. Strictly practiced by less than 1/5th of societies |
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Brideservice |
groom works for brides family before or after marriage |
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Ambilocal Residence |
couple lives with either the brides or the grooms family |
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Natural |
observable; present in or produced by nature |
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Independent Innovation |
Comes from discovery and need |
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Endemic |
In epidemiology, when an infection is maintained in a population because the infection is transmittable but the people are resistant to it by heredity |
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Applied Anthropology |
This is the use of anthropological data, perspectives, theory and methods to identify, access, and (hopefully) solve social problems |
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Kin |
a person recognized as a family member |
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Kinship |
culturally defined relations based on decent, marriage and agreement |
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Nuclear Family |
parents and children residing together |
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Family of orientation |
family in which ego is born/grows up |
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Family of procreation |
family in which ego is a parent |
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Descent group |
a permanent social unit whose members claim common ancestry |
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Cognatic Descent |
traces descent through both parents |
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Unilineal descent |
traces descent through only one parent |
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Patrilineal |
descent traced through male line |
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Matrilineal |
descent traced through female line |
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Clan |
relationships traced to a common unknown or mythical ancestry, usually composed of several lineages |
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Endogamy |
marriage within family or social group. (ex. Orthodox Jews) |
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Exogamy |
marriage outside the family or social group (ex. Pygmy brides live with their husbands family, in his band) |
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Parallel - cousin marriage |
marrying a cousin related to ego by mothers sister or fathers brother |
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Levirate marriage |
widow marries the brother of her late husband |
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Sorarate marriage |
man marries his late wife’s sister |
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Polygyny marriage |
marriage to multiple women (rich men) |
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Polyandry marriage |
marriage to multiple men (south Asia) |
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Brideprice |
property presented to brides family |
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Dowry |
property presented to groom or his family |
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Matrilocal Residency |
couple lives with the brides family |
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Patrilocal Residency |
couple lives with the grooms family |
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Ambilocal Residency |
couple lives with either the brides or the grooms family |
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Neolocal Residency |
couple establishes independent residence |
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Religion |
Beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces |
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Ritual |
* Behaviors that is formal, stylized, and repetitive
* Held at set times and places and have special order |
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Super Natural |
exists outside of the natural world |
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Magic |
witchcraft/sorcery. The belief in supernatural powers and use of rituals designed to compel these powers. |
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Imitative / sympathetic magic |
produces the desired effect by imitating it. |
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Contagious magic |
whatever is done to an object is believed to affect a person who once had contact with it
finger nails, hair, etc. Need to be careful with these items |
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Animism |
the belief in soul and spiritual beings * Latin for soul* Fundamental part of all religions |
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Diffusion |
Borrowing between cultures either directly or through intermediaries |
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Direct Diffusion |
when two cultures trade with or intermarry among or wage war on each other |
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Forced Diffusion |
when one culture subjugates another and imposes its customs on the dominated group |
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Indirect Diffusion |
when items or traits move from group A to group C via group B without any firsthand contact between groups A and C |
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Acculturation |
The exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous firsthand contact. (The original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be alerted but the groups remain intact) |
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Genocide |
the destruction of an ethnic group by murder, war, and/or disease |
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Ecocide |
killing an ecosystem |
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Ethnocide |
Killing an ethnicity |
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Assimilation |
merging into a society |
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Public health |
cultural practices and risks or benefits to health |
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Medical pluralism |
multiple therapeutic options available to a patient, each with a different way of illness explanation, diagnosis, and treatment |
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Law of Cultural Dominance |
The culture that most exploits the energy resources of an environment spreads at the expense of less efficient systems |
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M/Mo |
Mother |
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F/Fr |
Father |
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Br |
Brother |
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Z |
Sister |
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So |
Son |
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Dr |
Daughter |
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Wi |
Wife |
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Hu |
Husband |
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GrM/GrMo |
Grandmother |
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GrF/GrFr |
Grandfather
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Au |
Aunt |
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Un |
Uncle |
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Co |
Cousin |
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Socioeconomic Effects of Industrialization |
Standards of comfort rose, but prosperity was uneven |
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Colonialism |
The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by foreign power for an extended time. |
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British Colonialism |
first began with the Elizabethan voyages of the 16th century |
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During the 17th century, Britain acquired |
most of the eastern coast of North America, Canada’s St. Lawrence Basin, Islands of the Caribbean, slave stations in Africa, and interests in India |
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Indirect Rule |
governing through native leaders and established political structures, in areas with long histories of state organization, such as Morocco and Tunisia |
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Direct Rule |
the French imposed new government structures to control diverse societies, many of them previously stateless (used in many parts of Africa) |
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French Colonialism : The First Phase |
began with explorations in the early 1600s
Before the French Revolution in 1789 missionaries, explorers and traders had carved out a niche for France in Canada, the Louisiana terrirtory, several Caribbean islands, and parts of India |
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French Colonialism : The Second Phase |
The foundations of the second French empire were established between 1830 and 1870
French colonialism was spurred more by the state, church, and armed forces that by pure business interests |
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What was great about the Fertile Crescent? |
Gave access to some of the best crops and farm animals at the time |
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Why do people in New Guinea struggle to strive? |
Food limitations, No animals to plow with |
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How are people domesticating crops to get bigger, tastier yields? |
Bring the crops/seeds to their village instead of following it |
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How did the domestication of animals help people? |
-Dependable meat supply -Could be used for milk -Hair and skin produced clothing |
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List 4 animals that have been domesticated |
-Goats -Sheep -Cattle -Horse |
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What do the domesticated animals have in common? |
They can plow, fertilize, provide clothing, and produce meat/dairy |
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How did the ability to domesticate animals help a civilizations ability to become rich and powerful? |
-More crops -More meat
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What happened to the Fertile Crescent? |
-Most civilization moved in the first 1000 years -Weak Ecology and Dry climate caused this |
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At the time that the Spanish conquistadors invaded the inca empire, what type of weaponry did they use |
-Cross bows -swords -spears -guns |
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What battle tactics were used by the spanish to conquer the Incas? |
Surprise attacks, Horseback attacks, the tactics of old-written tactics that generals before had used
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What did the Incas need to do to be successful in the War? |
Weaponry |
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According to Diamond, what made the Europeans "accidental conquerors?" |
Diseases |
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What does Diamond think helped Europeans develop guns, germs, and steel to conquer the world? |
A vast amount of crops and resources |
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Why were Europeans successful on the South African cape? How was it similar to back home? |
Good fortune with geography. It felt like Europe because the climates are close to the same distance from the equator |
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Why did the americas and africans struggle so much withe the germs Europeans brought? |
Their bodies weren't used to or prepared to defend against these diseases |
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How did people in native Africa eventually protect themselves from the germs causing SMALLPOX? |
Vaccines and medications that could provide immunity for life |
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How did people in native Africa eventually protect themselves from the germs causing MALARIA? |
Vaccines and antibodies; settling in high and dry locations and living in small communities and spread out |
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What is the number one health problem in Zambia? |
Malaria |
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How has Malaria effected the poverty level in Zambia? |
Children tend to get sick so the mothers stay with the children instead of providing for the family |
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How have other countries prospered even with conditions similar to Zambia? |
understanding the environment and germs and transforming these to eradicate the diseases and limitations |
