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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
COLONIES
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Settlements of foreign nationals with controlling interests in indigenous territories
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IMPERIALISM
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Empire building through state expansion in both commerce and territory
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EXPLOITATION COLONIES
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Colonies established by military conquest for the purpose of exploiting the economic and natural reources of a region
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MARITIME ENCLAVES
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Colonies established as a result of sea trade and coastal exploration for the purpose of controlling tade at foreign ports.
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SETTLEMENT COLONIES
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Permamentn colonies established through exploration or conquest for the purpose of occupying land and controlling labor
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RESETTLEMENT POLICIES
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Efforts of colonial authorities to relocate indigenous people to permanent settlements, usually on less desirable land, to control and influence them
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MISSIONISM
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Settlement for the purpose of religious conversion
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SLAVE TRADE
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Buying and selling of people into servitude
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FUR TRADE
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Exchange of annual pelts or hides between Native American and colonists in exchange for European trade goods
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DEPOPULATION
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Reduction in population size as a result of war, conquest, colonization, or disease
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ECOMIENDAS
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Spanish landholding system in the American colonies that granted the use of land and the labor of any indigenous people on that land to soldiers, priests, and settlers
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HACIENDAS
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Estates made up of lands directly owned by Spanish settlers
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MITA
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Traditional Incan system of concripted labor for public works, adapted by the Spanish for use in obtaining indigenous workers for mines.
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CUSTOMARY LAW
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Selected aspects of native justice and jurisprudence codified into law by colonial authorities, mainly to secure greater control over indigenous populations
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CASH ECONOMIES
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Systems of exchnge based on the use of currency in modern markets
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WHITE MAN'S BURDEN
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Paternalistic, racist, colonial attitude that trated colonized peoples as inferiors in need of protection and instruction n how to liv
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PACIFICATION
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Colonial goal of forcing indigenous people to be peaceful and nonresistant so that settlers could safely inhavit their lands
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RESERVATIONS
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Land guaranteed by treaty for native residents' ownership and control.
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NATIONALISM
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Movement in independent states to build national identity, pride and unity
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XENOPHOBIC
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Having to do with fear, hatred, and envy of strangers, outsiders, or foreign-born minorities within the society
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POSTCOLONIAL ERA
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Period (roughly since 1965), following the independence of the last former European colonies as new nations under indigenous leadership and control
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CULTURAL MINORITIES
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Members of ethnic or cultural groups who have become minorities in their native lands due to migrations of other poeples into their territories or due to the historical configuration of a nation state made up of diverse groups.
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LABOR MIGRATION
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Migration of people from one area of a country to another or across national borders in search of jobs
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TRIBALIZATION
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A process of identification with one's tribal origins
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TRANSNATIONALISM
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Processes by which immigrants maintain social, economic, religious, and political ties to both their immigrant communities and their communities back home.
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ISLAMIZATION
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The process of imposing the Islamic religion and associated cultural values within a nation to foster cultural uniformity
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GLOBAL IDENTITY
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An identity of shared interests, practices, and values across international borders, uniting people worldwide
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CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
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Traditional practices of dispute and conflict resolution, involving mechanisms for mediation and negotiation and principles for punishment or restoration of community relations
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ECOTOURISM
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Visiting wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in order to enjoy a more pristine environment than found in urban life
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POSITIVE SANCTIONS
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Recognition and reqards for observing social norms
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NEGATIVE SANCTIONS
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Punishments for offending social norms.
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INFORMAL SANCTIONS
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Regards and punishments expressed through praise, ridicule, gossip, and the like.
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FORMAL SANCTIONS
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Rewards and punishments administered by persons in authority the state, or the law
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DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES
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In primate groups, social hierarchies established on the basis of sex and age
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POST CONFLICT RECONCILIATION
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Patterned behavior that occurs immediately after conflict has erupted and taken its course, to restore some measure of social harmony
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CONFLICT AVOIDANCE
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Prosocial behaviors, such as reconciliation, consolation, politeness, or apology, to repair social relationships without aggression
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PEACEMAKERS
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Individuals with a specialized social role of preventing conflict from reupting into dangerous combat.
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DEFERENCE
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nonthreatening verbal and noverbal behaviors that convey respect or subordination to others.
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POLITENESS STRATEGIES
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Behaviors designed to mute antagonisms and avoid overt hostility by affirming common bonds and recognizing another person's rights and feelings.
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SONG DUELS
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Inuit contests in which conflict is expressed and resolved through public response to music
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WITHCRAFT
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A belief system that functions a mechanism of social control by channeling anger toward others
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VENGENACE
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Aggresion against others based on the principle of revenge.
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BLOOD FUED
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Ongoing conflict between kin groups or communities, based on vengeance
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WARFARE
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Armed aggression and hostilities between groups
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