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27 Cards in this Set

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Homo
The genus comprising modern humans and all extinct hominin species that are more closely related to modern humans than to modern humans than to any archaic hominin species (1.9 million years ago to the present).
arcahic Homo
An extinct hominin species included in the genus Homo (2.4 million years ago to 19,000 years ago).
Early Stone Age
A time period in Africa parallel to the Lower Paleolithic
Middle Stone Age (MSA)
A time period in Africa parallel to the Middle Paleolithic
Lower Paleolithic (LP)
The first of the three eras of the Paleolithic
Middle Paleolithic (MP)
The second of the three eras of the Paleolithic
Savanna
An open plain with tall grasses and sparse patches of trees.
Homo habilis
Literally "handy man," a hominin that is transitional between archaic hominins and archaic Homo, established by Louis Leakey and his colleagues (2.4 to 1.6 milion years ago).
Homo rudolfensis
A hominin species transitional between archaic hominins and archaic Homo that some people include in H. hailis (1.8 to 1.6 millions years ago).
Oldowan
A stone toolkit dominated by cores and simple flake tools (2.6 years ago to 300,000 years ago).
Core tool
A tool made from rounded stone that have had flakes chipped off them.
Prepared core
A specially selected and prepared stone cobble from which tools such as flakes are made.
Blank
A naturally shaped stone from which stone tools are made.
Flake
The sharp piece that breaks off a cobble when it is struck.
Biface
A stone tool that has been flaked on both sides.
Scraper
A large flake with a sharpened edge along one side.
Homo ergaster
The earliest archaic Homo species with a body size and shape more like modern humans than archaic hominins (1.9 to 1.5 million years ago).
Homo erectus
A species of archaic Homo widely distributed across the Old World (1.8 million years ago to 200,000 years ago).
Archeulian
Lower Paleolithic toolkit dominated by stone hand axes (1.6 million years ao to 300,000 years ago).
Handaxe
A bifacially flaked, pear-shaped stone tool that is the defining tool of the Archeulian tradition.
Use wear
A pattern of wear on a tool caused by its use for a particular purpose.
Homo heidelbergensis
A species of archaic Homo that lacks the specialization seen in H. erectus and H. neanderthalensis (600,000 to 100,000 years ago).
Homo neanderthalensis
A morphologically specialized species of archaic Homo that lived in Europe, the Middle East, and Western Asia (400,000 to 30,000 years ago). Also called Neanderthals.
Neanderthal
The informal name for Homo neanderthalensis.
Mousterian
A Middle Paleolithic toolkit comprising small, specialized tools such as points, scrapers, and awls made from flakes from flakes with the Levallois technique.
Levallois
A method of preparing a stone core so that the tool-maker could use it to produce many standardized flakes.
Expressive culture
Behavior and beliefs related to the arts and leisure.