Anterior Abdominal Wall And Peritoneum

Front 1

What is the abdomen described as?

Back 1

portion of trunk between thorax and pelvis

Front 2

What are abdominal organs protected by?

Back 2

superiorly - thoracic cage

inferiorly - pelvis

Front 3

What is the anterolateral abdominal wall formed by?

Back 3

musculoaponeurotic attachments to thoracic cage and pelvis

Front 4

What are the four abdominal quadrants?

Back 4

right upper quadrant

right lower quadrant

left upper quadrant

left lower quadrant

Front 5

Back 5

1 Epigastric

2 Umbilical

3 Pubic

4 Left hypochondriac

5 Left lateral (lumbar)

6 Left inguinal

7 Right hypochondriac

8 Right lateral (lumbar)

9 Right inguinal

Front 6

What planes split up the abdomen?

Back 6

midclavicular

subcostal

supracrestal/transtubercular

Front 7

What is the fatty superficial layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall called?

Back 7

camper's fascia

Front 8

What is the deep membranous layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall called?

Back 8

Scarpa's fascia

Front 9

What is Scarpa's fascia renamed to?

Back 9

in perineal region - Colle's fascia

Front 10

Back 10

1. external oblique

2. internal oblique

3. transversus abdominis

Front 11

Where do the abdominal oblique muscles attach to?

Back 11

iliac crest

Front 12

What is the inguinal ligament formed from?

Back 12

inferior free border of aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique

Front 13

Where does the inguinal ligament attach?

Back 13

anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

Front 14

What functions is attachment of the inguinal ligament needed for?

Back 14

urination

bowl movements

childbirth

Front 15

Back 15

Front 16

What is the rectus abdominis?

Back 16

vertically orientated muscle enclosed by aponeuroses of anterolateral musculature

Front 17

What is the tendinous intersections?

Back 17

interruption of rectus abdominis fibers by several horizontal bands

Front 18

What is the rectus sheath?

Back 18

longitudinal pocket composed of anterior rectus sheath and posterior rectus sheath

Front 19

What is the rectus sheath formed by?

Back 19

aponeuroses of external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis

Front 20

What does the rectus abdominis attach to?

Back 20

rib and pubic tubercle

Front 21

Back 21

Front 22

What do abdominal wall musculature end as on the anterolateral wall?

Back 22

broad aponeurosis

Front 23

What is the linea semilunaris?

Back 23

region where abdominal wall musculature is continuous with rectus sheath

Front 24

What is the linea alba?

Back 24

midline where aponeuroses interdigitates with aponeuroses of contralateral side

Front 25

What are the actions of abdominal wall musculature?

Back 25

- support and compress viscera

- flex vertebral column w bilateral contraction

- lateral flexion of vertebral column w unilateral contraction

- rotation of trunk

Front 26

What is the innervation of the abdominal wall musculature?

Back 26

intercostal nerves T7-T12 and L1

Front 27

What abdominal muscles are used in lateral trunk flexion?

Back 27

ipsilateral contraction of external and internal oblique muscles

Front 28

What is used to twist the trunk?

Back 28

contralateral contraction of external oblique and ipsilateral internal oblique

Front 29

What can the internal oblique and contralateral external oblique be categorized as?

Back 29

two-bellied (digastric) muscle

Front 30

What is the function of the rectus abdominis in trunk rotation?

Back 30

act as a fixed post

Front 31

What is the serous lining of the abdominal cavity and organs?

Back 31

peritoneum

Front 32

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

Back 32

abdominal wall, drapes into pelvis

Front 33

What does the visceral peritoneum line?

Back 33

covers external surface of abdominal viscera

Front 34

What are the functions of the peritoneum?

Back 34

- reduces friction to facilitate free movement

- resists infection by exuding fluid and cells to fight off infection

- stores fat

Front 35

Back 35

blue - diaphragmatic fascia

red - transversalis fascia

green - pelvic fascia

orange - quadratus lumborum fascia

fascia iliac not shown

Front 36

What is the fascia between the parietal peritoneum and muscles of abdominopelvic walls?

Back 36

abdominopelvic fascia

Front 37

What lies inside and outside the fascia?

Back 37

abdominal blood and lymphatic vessels lie inside

nerves lie outside

Front 38

What is the special function of the abdominopelvic fascia below the anterior superior iliac spine?

Back 38

only anterior abdominal wall structure posterior to rectus abdominis

Front 39

What is the special function of the abdominopelvic fascia in the inguinal region?

Back 39

forms deep inguinal ring

extends over spermatic cord as internal spermatic fascia

Front 40

Where is the arcuate line?

Back 40

beneath umbilicus, at level of ASIS

Front 41

What composes the anterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

Back 41

external and half of internal aponeuroses

Front 42

What composes the anterior rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

Back 42

external, internal and transversus abdominis aponeuroses

Front 43

What is the transversalis fascia?

Back 43

internal layer of deep investing fascia of abdominal wall muscles

Front 44

What makes up the posterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

Back 44

internal and transversis abdominis aponeuroses

Front 45

What makes up the posterior rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

Back 45

there is no sheath below arcuate line, only transversis fascia and peritoneum

Front 46

What causes an abdominal hernia?

Back 46

weakening in interior abdominal wall

Front 47

What are the two most important arteries of the anterior abdominal wall?

Back 47

superior and inferior epigastric artery

Front 48

Draw the major arteries of the abdominal wall.

Back 48

Front 49

What is the inguinal canal?

Back 49

oblique passage through layers of inferolateral abdominal wall that extends above and parallel to inguinal ligament

extends from deep to superficial inguinal rings

Front 50

What is the deep inguinal ring?

Back 50

internal entrance of inguinal canal in transversalis fascia

Front 51

Where is the deep inguinal ring?

Back 51

located on deep side of abdominal wall lateral to inferior epigastric artery

superior to mid-point of inguinal ligament

Front 52

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

Back 52

exit of the inguinal canal in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

Front 53

What passes through the superficial ring?

Back 53

spermatic cord or round ligament of female

Front 54

What is the lateral crus?

Back 54

stronger part of inguinal ligament at superficial inguinal ring

Front 55

What is the medial crus?

Back 55

thin border of superficial inguinal ring

Front 56

What are the intercrural fibers?

Back 56

aponeurotic fibers at superior end of superficial ring that reinforce the opening

Front 57

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

Back 57

testicular artery

pampinform plexus of veins (testicular veins)

ducts deferens

genital branch of genitofemoral n

lymphatics

vestige of processus vaginalis

Front 58

What is the muscle that elevates the scrotum?

Back 58

cremaster muscle

Front 59

What guides the descent of the testis into the scrotum?

Back 59

gubernaculum

Front 60

Where do the testes develop?

Back 60

retroperitoneal on posterior abdominal wall

Front 61

How does the tunica vaginalis form?

Back 61

as testes relocate to scrotum via gubernaculum, portion of peritoneum (process vaginalis) is pulled into scrotum

after descent, processus vaginalis retracts into tunica vaginalis

Front 62

What supporting elements for testis in scrotum come from abdominal region?

Back 62

external spermatic fascia

cremaster muscle

internal spermatic fascia

tunica vaginalis

Front 63

What does the external spermatic fascia come from?

Back 63

continuous with fascia of external abdominal oblique

Front 64

Where does the cremaster muscle come from?

Back 64

strands of internal oblique pulled down into spermatic cord

Front 65

What does the cremaster muscle do?

Back 65

reflexive retraction of testis through stimulation of genitofemoral n.

Front 66

Where does the internal spermatic fascia come from?

Back 66

continuous with transversalis fascia

Front 67

Where does the tunica vaginalis come from?

Back 67

peritoneal extension covering the testes on its anterior and lateral sides

Front 68

Draw layers of the scrotum.

Back 68

Front 69

What does the dartos muscle do?

Back 69

wrinkles scrotum to make testicles warmer

Front 70

What is a hydrocele?

Back 70

fluid filled sac in scrotum

Front 71

How does a hydrocele form?

Back 71

when there is excess fluid in a persistent processus vaginalis - open communication between peritoneum and scrotum

Front 72

How is the inguinal canal formed?

Back 72

from relocation of testis during development

Front 73

What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Back 73

aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique

Front 74

What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Back 74

transversalis fascia

Front 75

What is the roof of the inguinal canal?

Back 75

arching fibers of internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis

Front 76

What is the floor of the inguinal canal?

Back 76

inguinal ligament

Front 77

What enters the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

Back 77

inferior epigastric a

Front 78

What leaves the ring and descends into the pelvis?

Back 78

ductus deferens

Front 79

What leaves the surface of the psoas major and enters the ring with the testicular veins?

Back 79

testicular artery

Front 80

What enters the ring and runs with the spermatic cord?

Back 80

genital br. and genitofemoral n.

Front 81

Back 81

Front 82

What makes the inguinal/Hesselbach's triangle?

Back 82

laterally - inferior epigastric a.

medially - lateral border of rectus abdomini

inferiorly - inguinal ligament

Front 83

Where does the spermatic cord emerge and descend?

Back 83

emerges lateral to the inguinal triangle and descends into the scrotum

Front 84

What is the clinical significance of the inguinal triangle?

Back 84

localized area of weakness in abdominal wall

site for abdominal hernia to push directly into anterior abdominal wall

Front 85

What does a direct inguinal hernia result from?

Back 85

herniation through local weakness in abdominal wall in region of inguinal triangle

Front 86

Where does a direct inguinal hernia emerge?

Back 86

medial to inferior epigastric artery

traverses superficial inguinal ring only

Front 87

What does an indirect inguinal hernia result from?

Back 87

herniation of abdominal contents through deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal and superficial linguinal ring into anterolateral wall, scrotum or labia majora

Front 88

Where does an indirect inguinal hernia emerge?

Back 88

follows spermatic cord to emerge lateral to inferior epigastric artery

Front 89

What is the difference between an inguinal vs. a femoral hernia?

Back 89

inguinal - above and medial to pubic tubercle

femoral - below and lateral to pubic tubercle

Front 90

What is a mesentary?

Back 90

double layer of peritoneum

Front 91

What can a mesentary act as?

Back 91

conduits for blood flow

Front 92

What is an omentum?

Back 92

double-layered fold of peritoneum that connects stomach to surrounding structures

Front 93

What is the greater omentum?

Back 93

fat-infused and sheet-like peritoneal fold hanging from greater curvature of stomach down in front of transverse colon to which it is attached

Front 94

What three fused ligaments is the greater omentum composed of?

Back 94

gastrocolic ligament

gastrosplenic ligament

gastrophrenic ligament

Front 95

What does the lesser omentum connect to?

Back 95

lesser curvature and first part of duodenum to liver

Front 96

What is under the free edge of the lesser omentum?

Back 96

gastro-epiploic foramen

Front 97

What runs in the free edge of the lesser omentum?

Back 97

common bile duct

portal vein

hepatic artery

Front 98

What ligaments is the lesser omentum composed of?

Back 98

hepatogastric ligament

hepatoduodenal ligament

Front 99

What are additional peritoneum mesenteries?

Back 99

mesogastrium

transverse meso colon

mesentery proper

sigmoid mesocolon

Front 100

What do the mesogastrium, transverse mesocolon, mesentery proper and sigmoid mesocolon connect?

Back 100

stomach, portions of small intestine and portions of large intestine to posterior body wall

Front 101

What are ligaments of the peritoneum?

Back 101

double layers connecting an organ with another or the abdominal wall

Front 102

What are folds of the peritoneum?

Back 102

peritoneal reflection with a definitive border due to vessels within it

Front 103

What are recesses of the peritoneum?

Back 103

peritoneal fold forming a blind pouch that opens into the peritoneal cavity

Front 104

What is the lesser sac/lesser peritoneal cavity/omental bursa?

Back 104

small pouch located posterior to the stomach

Front 105

How is the lesser sac formed?

Back 105

rotation of GI tract - only remnant of right half of coelomic cavity

Front 106

What is the greater sac/greater peritoneal cavity?

Back 106

remainder of peritoneal cavity

Front 107

What is the epiploic foramen?

Back 107

way of communication between lesser and greater sac

Front 108

Where is the epiploic foramen located?

Back 108

posterior to hepatuduodenal ligament

Front 109

What is the peritoneal fold superior to the umbilicus?

Back 109

falciform ligament

Front 110

What is the peritoneal folds inferior to the umbilicus?

Back 110

median umbilical fold

medial umbilical folds

lateral umbilical folds

Front 111

What is in the falciform ligament?

Back 111

ligamentum teres

Front 112

What is in the median umbilical fold?

Back 112

peritoneum-covered urachus (pathway for fetal urine)

Front 113

What is in the medial umbilical folds?

Back 113

peritoneal-covered obliterated umbilical artery

Front 114

What is in the lateral umbilical folds?

Back 114

peritoneum-covered inferior epigastric a. and v.