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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Superior/Cranial

Above (towards head)

Inferior/Caudal

Below (towards tail)

Anterior

Towards front

Posterior

Towards back

Medial

Towards midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Proximal

Region of limb closer to trunk

Distal

Region away from trunk

Dorsal

Towards back

Ventral

Towards belly

Coronal Plane

Divided body into anterior and posterior halves

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right halves

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior halves

Basic Dental Formula

Incisors. Canine. Premolars. Molars

1st & 2nd Cervical Vertebrae

Atlas and Axis

Human Dental Formula

2.1.2.3

Orthognathic

Short muzzle

Chimpanzee Dental Formula

2.1.2.3

Bilophodont

Molars have two parallel lines


Old World Monkeys

Y-5

Molars create a Y


Hominoids

New World Monkey Dental Formula

2.1.3.3

Rhinarium

Fleshy wet pad on nose


Strepsirhines-Yes


Haplorhines-No

Mandibular Fusion

1 piece mandible


Strepsirhines-no


Haplorhines-yes

Divergent Eye Orientation

On the side


Strepsirhines

Convergent Eye Orientation

Together front facing


Haplorhines

Strepsirhines

Lemurs, lorises, aye-ayes

Haplorrhines

Apes, monkeys, tarsiers

Prognathic

Long muzzle

Platyrrhines

New World Monkeys


Central and South America

Catarrhines

Old world monkeys & apes


Africa and Asia

Platyrrhine Dental Formula

2.1.3.3

Catarrhine Dental Formula

2.1.2.3

Prehensile Tail

Tail can grasp or hold objects


Some platyrrhines


No catarrhines

Cercopithecoids

Old world monkeys

Hominoids

Apes

Prosimians/Strepsirhini

Lemurs and lorises

Anthropoids/Haplorhini

Monkeys and apes

Tarsiiformes

Tarsiers

Human Apomorphy

A trait that humans have to the exclusion of all other apes


Ex. Bipedalism

Synapomorphy

Shared and derived


(Trait 4)

Sexual dimorphism features

Overall body size


Canine size


Brow Ridge


Saggital crest

Sexual Dimorphism and Primate Social Organization

More = Competition for mates


Polygnous mating system

Foramen Magnum

Hole at base of skull where spinal chord connects to brain


Brachiation

Arm swinging between branches

Bipedal

Walk on two legs

Arboreal

Living in trees

Intermembral Index

Ratio of upper to lower limb length


IMI = 100


x


(humerus length + radius length)


÷


(Femur length + tibia length)



IMI > 100 =BRACHIATION


IMI < 100 =BIPEDAL


IMI = 100 =TERRESTRIAL

Human Lumbar Curve

Bear weight of upper body

Os coxae

Hip bone