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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Blood or consanguinal ties are the most common way we experience kinship. Our "kin" is often taken to mean a brother or sister. Marriage, however, changes all of that. Anthropologists refer to kinship established by marriage as

an affinal relationship

Different cultures define kinship differently. Common to many is the idea that kinship helps everyone recognize who is related to who, which helps maintain the integrity of the incest taboo. In addition, nearly every culture includes an explicit understanding of how kinship confers rights around matters such as inheritance. More subtly, and often not made explicit in the defining of kinship, are

expectations placed on different relatives, such as mothers, fathers, uncles, etc.

For most societies, until quite recently, a marriage was done to meet social obligations. Only recently has love and pleasure become a reason to marry. Anthropology refers to these marital bonds as

companionate marriages

In India, the compulsory practice of a bride's family providing gifts to the groom's family upon marriage was outlawed in 1961, as it led to multiple cases of domestic violence. This practice was best known as which of the following terms?

dowry

In certain remote parts of Tibet, one woman will become married to all of the brothers in a particular family. Which term best describes this practice?

polyandry

In contrast to the English line of kings and queens, the Scottish had a system that was similar but was unable to establish any one group or ancestral line as undisputed leaders of the country. A large part of the problem was that there was insufficient documentation prior to about the 13th or 14th centuries. This particular type of kinship group is referred to as

a cal

In many cultures, the parents of the groom are expected to provide gifts, sometimes substantial, to the bride and her family. This establishes many social expectations—reciprocity, obligation and legitimacy of any offspring. This is known as

bride wealth

In the United States, law and custom forbid marriage to certain family members. These laws and customs perpetuate:

kindred exogamy.

Israel has seen an upending of how kinship is constructed and accepted. Reproductive technologies are paid for by insurance. Family planning services are not strongly promoted. And the country has more fertility clinics than any other nation on earth. All of these ideals lead to pressure to reproduce the family and the nation itself. A considerable amount of this pressure lands on the woman, in part because

Jewishness passes down matrilineally from mother to child.

Reproductive technologies are blossoming and include a host of new technologies. Despite the advent of dramatic technologies such as cloning, reproductive technologies have been around for a very long time and include

abortion

Some kinship groups trace their primary relationships via consanguine relatives. Anthropologists call this type of group

a descent group

The 1996 United States Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) sought to define marriage as it was being challenged, particularly in the realm of same-sex couples who wished to be recognized on a legal level. Parts of DOMA were struck down in 2013. Supporters of DOMA felt strongly that same-sex marriage posed a threat to

social order

The family you are born into is known as the family of __________. The family people construct when they reach adulthood and acquire a mate is the family of __________.

orientation; procreation

The long line of kings and queens that have ruled England have sometimes been a colorful source of contention, some having been challenged on the basis of their legitimacy. This particular genealogical tree depends on highly accurate documentation and is often referred to as

a lineage

The nuclear family today is more myth than fact. Consisting, by definition, of a kinship unit of a mother, father and offspring, many forces have changed this definition. Historically, the nuclear family came into existence

during the industrialization of the nineteenth century.

The text points out that biology and marriage are not the only basis for kinship in human societies. Which of the following are examples of other kinship strategies revealed in the chapter?

co-residence and co-feeding leading to adoption or fostering

Traditionally, Nuer men could be married to more than one woman at the same time. Which term best describes this practice?

polygyny

We may think of marriage in solely romantic terms, and certainly the bond of marriage can allow for that. While such matters as parenting responsibility, family relations and inheritance all flow from marriage, marriage for many cultures represents something altogether different. Some aspects of marriage, depending on the form, help to

build alliances

When we talk about marriage between two people who maintain an exclusive relationship with one another while the marriage exists, we're referring to marriage as a form of

monogamy

While kinship is often thought of as a biological and culturally rule-bound process, recent developments have opened the door to kinship that is accomplished

by choice

matrilineal

descent group constructed through mother's side of family

patrilineal

descent group constructed through father's side of family

unilineal

descent measured through only one side of family (either mother's or father's)

ambilineal

kinship traced through both mother's and father's sides of family