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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SANS |
-Thoracolumbar -ganglion in paraventral chains -IMLCC -> Nn in paraventral chains -> alpha/beta M-receptors in sweat glands or piloerector muscles -still SANS, not PANS |
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PANS |
-craniosacral -ganglion in organs -Medulla or sacrum somwhere -> Nn near organ -> M receptors |
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Somatic-skeletal muscle |
Nm receptors |
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Overview of ANS |
Receptors - Nn, Nm, M1-5, A1, A2, B1, B2, Dopa Neurotransmitters - ACh, NE, dopamine Hormones - Epinephrine (from adrenal medulla) |
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Acetylcholine |
Works on Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors -Nn, Nm, M |
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Norepinephrine |
Works on adrenoreceptors (A1, A2, B1) |
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Dopamine |
D1- vasodilation in renal and mesenteric vessel |
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Epinephrine |
Works on all adrenoreceptors (A1, A2, B1, B2) |
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Baroreceptor changes- reflex tachy/brady |
Any changes in blood pressure is detected by baroreceptor centers in the brain -BP = TPR x HR x SV -rise in BP due to increase TPR = reflex bradycardia to restore BP -Fall in BP due to decrease TPR = reflex tachy to restore TPR |
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How to block reflex tachy/brady |
Block both with ganglionic blocker Block reflex tachy - B1 antagonist Block reflex brady - Anti-muscaranic |
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Hormone Loop |
-fall in renal blood flow -> renin release -> angiotensin II -> aldosterone and others 1. Increase aldosterone release (from ad. cortex) -retain sodium + water = ^ Blood volume = ^ CO 2. Cause vasoconstriction |
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Drug Tracing |
Check if new drug (R) changes old drug tracing at all -yes = R uses same receptor -no - R does not use the receptor |
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Pupillary size and Accommodation -Muscarinic |
M Agonist - PANS- constrict - miosis + accommodation M Antagonist - PANS- dilate -mydrasis + cycloplegia (paralysis to accommodation = see far) -cycloplegia distinguishes mydrasis between M antagonism vs adrenergic stimulation |
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Pupillary size and Accommodation-Adrenergic |
A1- agonist ONLY mydriasis -cycloplegia NOT associated with A1 agonist |
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Cholinergic neuroeffector junctions |
1. Hemicholinium 2. Botulinum toxin 3. Acetylcholinerase inhibitors 4. Receptor agonist and antagonists 1-3 indirect actors 4 direct |
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Hemicholinium |
Inhibits choline uptake |
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Ccholine acetyltransferase (ChAT) |
Choline + acetate = acetylcholine |
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Botulinum toxin -treats bleopharospasm (involuntary contraction of eyes) -strabismus -hyperhydrosis -dystonia -cosmetics |
Interacts with synaptobrevin (allows docking of vesicles to membrane to be released) -therefore preventing release of ACh |
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Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor |
*only inhibits cholinergic function at innervated sites -Reversible inhibitors: edrophonium, physotigmine, neostigmine -Irreversible- Echothiophate, malathion, parathion |
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Post-junction agonist/antagonist -all drugs are nonspecific |
Major theme- -decrease CV function -increase secretion -increase pee/poo M1, M3 - Gq M2 - Gi- only in SA/AV node (not ventricles) M1- only in GI tract glands |
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Muscarinic in blood vessles |
NOT innervated directly! It increase NO synthesis - vasodilate -class 1-3 drugs do NOT act on this -only direct agonism/antagonism effects it |
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Nicotinic / Cholinergic receptor mechanisms (look at the picture) |
Blood vessel -ONLY SANS GI- dominated by PANS |
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d |
d |
