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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the most potent androgen secreted in the body?
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Testosterone
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Where is most of the testosterone secreted from in males and in females?
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Males-Leydig cells in testes
Females - Adrenal cortex and ovaries. |
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Which enzyme converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone?
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5a-reductase
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Which enzyme converts testosterone into estradiol
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Aromatase.
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What pituitary hormone controls testosterone release?
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LH
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Which pituitary hormone stimulates spermatogenesis?
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FSH
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What hormones are involved in spermatogenesis?
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FSH stimulates spermatogenesis
Testosterone- maintains spermatogenesis. |
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Which hormone is the more active version of testosterone in many tissues in the body?
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DHT (dihydrotestosterone)
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Which tissues are more responsive to testosterone as compared to DHT?
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Hypothalamus and Pituitary
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A deficiency of DHT in the developing fetus will result in what?
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Lack of development of male genitalia.
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Why is DHT more active than testosterone in many tissues?
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It has a higher affinity for cellular receptors.
DHT receptor complex is more readily transported to the nucleus. |
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If a patient presents with a clinical presentation of androgen deficiency but normal testosterone levels, what is the problem?
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5a- reductase deficiency.
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What mode of testosterone administration is most effective?
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Injection. Oral testosterone has a high first pass effect.
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Methyltestosterone
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17a substitution on testosterone
Has androgenic and anabolic effects. Orally active (Type B) |
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Mesterolone
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Ring alteration of testosterone
Orally active (Type C) |
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Enanthate, Cypionate
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17B substitution of testosterone
Injected weekly or monthly Delayed absorption. Metabolized to testosterone (Type A drugs) |
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What is significant about Type B or C modifications of testosterone?
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It makes the resulting drugs orally active. Usually not metabolized back to testosterone
Associated with liver toxicity and cancer. |
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What is a Type A modification of testosterone?
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Causes a delayed absorption of testosterone.
Metabolized back to testosterone in the body. |
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Nortestosterone esters
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Type AC drugs
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Methanolone
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Type AC drug
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Flouxymesterone
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Type BC drug. anabolic effects are greater than androgenic.
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Methandrostenolone
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Type BC drug. Anabolic effects are greater than anabolic
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Danazol
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Type BC drug
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Stanzolol
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Anabolic steroid with some androgenic effects.
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Oxandrolone
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Large anabolic effects and some androgenic effects.
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How do you treat hypogonadism?
(Klinefelters) |
Long acting testosterone esters. Enanthate or Cypionate.
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What is the treatment for secondary testicular failure?
(Prader Willi) |
Due to lack of LH/FSH or GnRH. Treat underlying hypogonadism or substiute with androgens.
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What is the effect of testosterone treatment in anemia?
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It increases RBC development and is used to treat anemia in females.
May cause hepatocellular carcinomas. |
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What is Danazol used to treat/
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Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema.
Defect in complement cascade inhibitor. Androgens increase hepatic synthesis of complement inhibitor. |
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What is the effect of anabolics on muscle wasting?
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They decrease or reverse muscle wasting. Given to counter the long term effects of anti-inflammatory steroids.
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What is the effect of long term androgen use on spermatogenesis?
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It decreases the release of LH and FSH. Leads to decreased production of sperm.
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How does long term use of anabolic steroids cause gynecomastia?
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Increased testosterone is converted ot estradiole in fat tissue by aromatase.
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What are the effects of anabolics on the liver?
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Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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What are the effects of anabolics on the lipid management in the body?
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They decrease HDL and increase LDL.
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Leuprolide acetate
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GnRH analog. Continuous administration causes a decrease in LH/FSH. Decreases androgen production in the body.
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Goserelin
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GnRH analog. Continuous administration causes a decrease in LH/FSH. Decreases androgen production in the body.
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Ketoconazole
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Blocks steroid hormone synthesis. Requires high doses.
Can cause gynecomastia |
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Finasteride
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5a-reductase inhibitor. Blocks hirsutism in females and is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Cyproterone acetate, Flutamide
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Androgen receptor antagonists.
Blocks the effects of androgens on target tissue |
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Gossypol
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Extract of cottonseed. Destroys the semeniferous epithelium. Blocks spermatogenesis without blocking endocrine function.
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What is combined therapy in male contraception?
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GnRh supression + Testosterone. Prevents side effects of using testosterone alone.
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