Animals

Front 1

Which of the following is associated with bilateral symmetry?

Back 1

Cephalization

Front 2

Animals probably evolved from colonial protists. How do animals differ from these protist ancestors?

Back 2

Animals have more specialised cells

Front 3

Which of the following is characteristic of protosomes?

Back 3

Cell fate is determined early during embryonic development (also known as determinate development and is characteristic of protosomes)

Front 4

What characteristics are shared by plants, fungi (excluding yeasts) and animals?

Back 4

All three groups are multicellular eukaryotes

Front 5

What trait is shared by protosomes and deuterosomes?

Back 5

Body cavity

Front 6

The members of which class of the Phylum Cnidaria occur only as polyps?

Back 6

Anthozoa

Front 7

Characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria

Back 7

A gastrovascular cavity, a polyp stage, a medusa stage and cnidocytes

Front 8

In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a Cnidarian?

Back 8

Chanocyte

Front 9

Corals are most closely related to which group?

Back 9

Sea anemones

Front 10

Cnidarians and ctenophorans differ from other eumetazoans by having:

Back 10

Radial symmetry

Front 11

Members of phylum Platyhelminthes are called flatworms because their bodies are flattened:

Back 11

Dorsoventrally

Front 12

Which characteristic is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?

Back 12

A digestive system with a single opening

Front 13

While most of the Platyhelminthes are free living or endoparasites, which one of the following taxa has an ectoparasitic life style?

Back 13

Monogenea

Front 14

Csetodes are monoecious (having both female and male organs in the same individual- hermaphroditic) and lack a digestive tract. The reproductive units of the cestodes are caled?

Back 14

Proglottids

Front 15

How do tapeworms (Class Cestoidea) feed?

Back 15

They absorb nutrients across their body walls

Front 16

Which annelid classes have segmented bodies?

Back 16

All of them: Oligachaeta, Polychaeta and Hirudinea

Front 17

The name of which annelid classes indicates the relative number of bristles (chaetae) its members have

Back 17

Oligochaeta and Polychaeta

Front 18

What is found only among Annelids?

Back 18

Clitellum

Front 19

Some species of which of the following annelid classes release an anticoagulant that is of medical significance?

Back 19

Hirudinea (leeches)

Front 20

How many segments do true leeches have?

Back 20

34

Front 21

If a lung were to be found in a mollusc, where would it be located?

Back 21

Mantle cavity

Front 22

Which molluscan class includes organisms that are primarily suspension feeders?

Back 22

Bivalvia (Clams, mussels, scallops, oysters)

Front 23

The structure of molluscs that forms the shell and houses the gills is the:

Back 23

Mantle

Front 24

The adaptation of bivalves to a sedentary, filter-feeding lifestyle that exploits the sand of a beach as a habitat, has lead to the loss of the radula and the:

Back 24

Head

Front 25

A terrestial mollusc without a shell belongs to which class?

Back 25

Gastropoda (snails, slugs)

Front 26

What are characteristic of arthropods?

Back 26

Protosome development, bilateral symmetry, three embryonic germ layers (triploblastic) and an open circulatory system

Front 27

What characteristic most likely explains why insects are so successful at dispersing to distant environments?

Back 27

Wings

Front 28

What class is a worm-like segmented animal with two pairs of jointed legs per segment. The animal is probably from class:

Back 28

Diplopoda (millipedes)

Front 29

Among the invertebrate phyla, phylum Arthropoda is unique in possessing members that have:

Back 29

Wings

Front 30

The Arthropoda phylum covers what percentage of the entire animal kingdom?

Back 30

80%

Front 31

Which phylum is entirely aquatic?

Back 31

Phylum Echinodermata (Sea lillies, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sea stars)

Front 32

The endoskeleton of the echinoderms is composed of what?

Back 32

Calcareous ossicles

Front 33

Deterostomes that have an endoskeleton are part of which phylum?

Back 33

Echinodermata

Front 34

The calcareous sieve opening into the water vascular system is called the:

Back 34

Madreporite

Front 35

What is characteristic of adult echinoderms?

Back 35

Secondary radial symmetry (Larvae are bilateral)

Front 36

Kina (Endemic Sea Urchin) belongs to which phylum?

Back 36

Echinodermata

Front 37

The hydrostatic skeleton of the earthworm allows it to move around its environment by:

Back 37

Using peristaltic contractions of its circular and longitudinal muscles

Front 38

What is a major component of the exoskeleton of insects?

Back 38

Chitin

Front 39

How do Platyhelminthes, Cnidarians and Poriferans differ from other animal phyla?

Back 39

They do not have a body cavity

Front 40

The mantle cavity of a gastropod mollusc:

Back 40

Is a space that contains the gills

Front 41

Water is a poor respiratory medium because:

Back 41

It has a lower oxygen content than air

Front 42

Why are water lungs relatively inefficient (compared to internal gills) for has exchange?

Back 42

They are energetically costly to ventilate

Front 43

Would minimising or maximising the partial pressure difference between the respiratory medium and the body improve efficiency of oxygen uptake across the respiratory surface?

Back 43

Maximising the partial pressure difference between the respiratory medium and the body would improve efficiency

Front 44

How can efferent blood (conducting away from an organ or part) have a higher oxygen saturation than the exhaled water:

Back 44

Unidirectional ventilation with counter-current exchange

Front 45

Why are the internal gills of crabs kore efficient at has exchange than the internal gills of rock lobsters?

Back 45

Because blood flow and water flow are counter current in crabs

Front 46

What characteristics of the human lung contribute to the efficiency of gas exchange?

Back 46

Repeated branching of bronchioles results in about 300 million alveoli, Alveoli are composed of a single layer of epithelial cells, Lungs are inflated through expansion of the rib cage and contraction of the diaphragm, Alveoli are well supplied with capillaries.

Front 47

Why do we see tracheal systems in animals that breathe air, but not those that live in water?

Back 47

Because the rate of diffusion of oxygen through air is 300,000 times faster in air than water

Front 48

What animal has the most efficient respiratory system (in terms of oxygen uptake)?

Back 48

Bird

Front 49

What are the air sacs of a bird used for?

Back 49

To create a unidirectional flow of air across the lung

Front 50

Why is cutaneous diffusion more efficient for oxygen uptake in air than in water?

Back 50

Because the greater oxygen content and faster rate of diffusion in air prevents depletion of oxygen in the boundary layer of the respiratory medium

Front 51

Insects have a very simple, open corculatory system because:

Back 51

They do not use the circulatory system for the transport of oxygen

Front 52

In the frog heart what does NOT contribute to the separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

Back 52

The septum

Front 53

In vertebrates, why does a four chambered heart deliver oxygen to the tissues more efficiently than a three chambered heart?

Back 53

Because a four chambered heart can pump blood under higher pressure and a four chambered heart has complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Front 54

Why is oxygen transport more efficient in animals with two closed circuits than one?

Back 54

Because blood pressure is lost as blood flows through a capillary bed, and two circuits allows blood to travek through the heart to be re-pumped after travelling through the gills/lungs AND it allows for the complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Front 55

What is a common misconception of arteries?

Back 55

They always carry oxygenated blood, rather they always carry blood away from the heart

Front 56

Which animals (apart from mammals) can produce urine significantly hyperosmotic ot the blood (i.e. much more concentrated than blood/body fluid)?

Back 56

Insects, Earthworms, Salt-water fish, Amphibians and Reptiles

Front 57

To maintain homeostasis freshwater fish must:

Back 57

Excrete large quantities of water

Front 58

Compared to the seaeater around them, most marine invertebrates are:

Back 58

Isoosmotic

Front 59

What is the main function of an excretory system?

Back 59

To remove nitrogenous waste from the body

Front 60

What is the function of the loop of Henle in the vertebrate system?

Back 60

To create an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla AND to reabsorb water to concentrate the final urine