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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolic Water
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The water produced in the body as a byproduct of metabolic reactions. Also known as “water of oxidation”.
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Total Dissolved Solids
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Combined content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid in molecular, ionized or micro-granular suspended form.
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Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone)
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Hormone that increases sodium excretion, but increases potassium retention.
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Aldosterone
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Hormone that increases sodium retention, but increases potassium excretion.
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Lipids
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Any fat-soluble (lipophilic), naturally-occurring molecule, such as fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
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Fatty acid
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A carboxylic acid, often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated.
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Saturated
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Fatty acids that contain no double bonds between C atoms.
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Unsaturated
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Fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds between C atoms.
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Cis configuration
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Arrangement of H atoms around a carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid in which the H atoms are on the same side of the hydrocarbon chain.
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Trans configuration
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Arrangement of H atoms around a carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid in which the H atoms are on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain.
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Hydrogenation
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Process of removing carbon-carbon double bonds in a fatty acid by adding hydrogen atoms.
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Essential fatty acid
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A fatty acid required in the diet because of an inability of the animal to synthesise that fatty acid.
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Triglyceride
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A glycerol esterified to three fatty acids; the main component of animal and plant lipid stores.
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Compound lipids
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Esters of fatty acids containing non-lipid substances.
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Phospholipid
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Derivative of tryglycerides containing glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate group.
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Glycolipid
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A phospholipid to which a carbohydrate chain is attached.
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Lipoprotein
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A biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids.
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Bile salts
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Cholesterol-based detergent involved in reducing lipid droplet size in the intestine; essential for efficient fat absorption.
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Micelle
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Small lipid droplet in the intestine containing fatty acids, monoglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol, with bile salts on the surface.
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Chylomicron
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Lipid droplets exported from the intestinal cell following lipid absorption. Contains triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and protein.
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Beta oxidation
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Sequential removal of 2-carbon units from a fatty acid chain for the production of energy.
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Eicosanoids
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Hormone like derivatives of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic acid and EPA).
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Free Radical
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Molecule having an unpaired electron that can make it highly reactive towards other substances.
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Lipid Oxidation
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Chemical decomposition of lipids caused by oxidation of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids.
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Antioxidant
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A compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules.
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