Animal Physio Lecture Set 1

Front 1

Relative Performance Length-Specific

Back 1

speed/body length (1/s)

Front 2

small organisms

Back 2

viscosity dominates

Front 3

large organisms

Back 3

inertia dominates

Front 4

is metabolic rate directly proportional to body mass?

Back 4

NO

Log metabolic rate vs. Log body mass --> slope of line is not 1

Front 5

Scaling - Geometrical Similarity

Back 5

Organisms are similar if the large one is an enlarged picture of the small one.

Front 6

Scale factor

Back 6

λ = length of large/length of small

ratio of any two corresponding lengths is a CONSTANT

Front 7

why do we use log axes to compare surface area to volume?

Back 7

1. straight line easier to use
2. allows broad ranges to be compared

Front 8

scaling equation

Back 8

S = a * V^(2/3) --> log(S) = (2/3)*log(M) + log(a) --> line! (y=mx+b)

Front 9

allometric scaling

Back 9

non-geometric scaling

Front 10

vasculature model

Back 10

natural selection has tended to maximize both metabolic capacity, by maximizing the scaling of exchange surfaces, and internal efficiency, by minimizing the scaling of transport distances + times

REJECTED - actually non-linear

Front 11

utility of allometry

Back 11

1. see general patterns in morphological/physiological traits

2. Predict unknown values

3. Generate hypotheses upon which to test explanations of function

Front 12

scaling of time

Back 12

time = M^(.25)

period of heart beat, period of respiration, time of muscle contraction, time to clear substance from kidney, time to reproductive maturity, gestation time

Front 13

what is mass independent?

Back 13

heart beats per lifetime

Front 14

the rate of life can be a function of ___________

Back 14

temperature

double rate for every 10 degrees C increase in temperature

Front 15

afferent nerve

Back 15

sensory input (peripheral NS to central NS [brain/spinal cord])

Front 16

efferent nerve

Back 16

motor output (central NS to peripheral NS [muscles/glands])

Front 17

integration

Back 17

happens at dendrites + soma

Front 18

signal conduction

Back 18

happens at axon

Front 19

spike initiation

Back 19

happens at axon hillock

Front 20

transmitter secretion

Back 20

happens at axon terminal

Front 21

interneuron

Back 21

conduction among neurons (in CNS), integrate + store information from other neurons

Front 22

neurosecretory

Back 22

receive stimulus and secrete hormones into blood

Front 23

ganglia

Back 23

cluster of nerve cell bodies

Front 24

what determines resting membrane potential?

Back 24

must consider permeability

Front 25

resting membrane potential determined by...

Back 25

K equilibrium potential

Front 26

major ions in mammalian excitable tissue

Back 26

K+, Na+, Cl-

Front 27

conductance

Back 27

g = 1/R

conductance ~ permeability

Front 28

Hodgkin cycle

Back 28

opening of Na+ channels in membrane --> increased membrane Na+ permeability --> increased flow of Na+ into cell --> depolarization -->

(positive feedback cycle)

Front 29

voltage sensitive gates

Back 29

1. activation gate opens
2. inactivating particle blocks channel
3. activation gate closes

Front 30

relative refractory period

Back 30

more current needed to reach threshold, reduced amplitude