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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are microorganisms? |
Often called microbes, they are organisms that are microscopic. |
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What are the four types of microorganisms? |
1) Viruses 2) Bacteria 3) Fungi 4) Protezoa |
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What do bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protazoa all have in common? |
1) They are all microorganisms. 2) They all have the ability to reproduce. |
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What type of conditions are favorable for microorganisms? |
1) Warm 2) Moist 3) Still |
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What is the term for "bad microbes"? |
Pathogens |
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Define 'pathogen'. |
A microbe that causes or has the ability to cause disease. |
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What is the term for "good microbes"? |
Saprophytes |
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What are saprophytes? What do they do? |
Good Microbes -helpful in keeping pathogens from being established in the animal -important in the digestion process of the animals food |
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What is the term for "in-between microbes"? |
Opportunistic Microbes |
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What are opportunistic microbes? |
Opportunistic microbes, or in-between microbes, are usually present in the animal and don't cause a problem until there is a change in the host. |
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What is meant by 'microorganism survival in the host'? |
Microbes survive well in the host until an immune response. If the response is not big enough, the microbe will remain in the host permanently or until the animal dies. |
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What is meant by 'microorganism survival outside the host'? |
Survival outside of a host is variable. Microbes prefer certain conditions. |
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What conditions do microbes prefer when outside of a host? |
1) Moisture 2) Warmth 3) Shade (no sun) 4) Spore Formations |
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What is a spore formation? |
Some bacteria have the ability to make spore formations. Like seeds, the spore protects the bacteria from weathering elements and undesired conditions. The bacteria emerge when the conditions are right. |
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What are the four types of disease resistance? |
1) Species 2) Skins 3) Mucous Membranes 4) Cilia-Lined Respiratory Tract |
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How does species make a difference in disease resistance? |
Certain diseases can only occur in certain species. (i.e. rabies is only seen in mammals) |
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What role does skin play in disease resistance? |
The skin acts as a barrier for microorganisms trying to enter the body. |
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What roles do mucous membranes play in disease resistance? |
1) Can act as barrier 2) Cells secrete mucous cells which engulfs the pathogen and washes it away. |
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What role does a cilia-lined respiratory tract play in disease resistance? |
Cilia are like microscopic hairs that move unwanted pathogens up wind pipe and trachea. |
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What does 'infection' mean? |
An infection refers to when a pathogen has breach all levels of the immune system in order to proliferate. |
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Does infection always result in disease? |
Not always - sometimes yes, sometimes no |
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Where is blood produced? |
Bone Marrow |
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What can be inferred if an animal has a high white blood cell count? |
Bacterial Infection |
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What can be inferred if an animal has a low white blood cell count? |
Infected by a virus |
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Why are high white blood cell counts associated with bacterial infections? |
When bacteria enter the body white blood cells are allocated from the bone marrow to the blood stream so more can be observed. |
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Why are low white blood cell counts associated with viruses? |
When the virus enters the body it attacks white blood cells reducing the number of them. |
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What is the scientific term for white blood cells? |
Phagocytes |
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What is pus? How is it created? |
Phagocytes egulf, consume, and phagoctyze the infection. The accumulation of these full phagocytes clumps together to form pus before being expelled by the body. |
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When do abscesses occur? |
When pus (a clump of phagocytes) tries to exit the body but is blocked by skin. |
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What is a fever? |
When a raise in body temperature occurs. |
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Name three things that fevers do. |
1) Acts as natural defense system 2) Enhances white blood cell production 3) Limits the pathogens ability to reproduce |
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What are the two types of immunity? |
1) Active 2) Passive |
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What is the difference between active and passive immunity? |
Active -the body actively produces this immunity Passive -the body acquires this immunity from an outside source |
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Give and example of active immunity. |
Antibodies (the body is actively producing them) |
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Give an example of passive immunity. |
Colostrum, or Vaccines |
