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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What three things make up animal behavior?
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Geneic make up
Environment Appearance |
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Enviornment play a huge role in...
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Appearance
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Phenotype
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Apearance
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All animals come from...
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Common ancestor
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Genes have only been modified for ....
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different behaviors
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Where are genes located?
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Wiithin cells
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The blue print of life is...
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genes
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Genes are in what three things?
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plants
animals human |
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How many pairs of autosomes are there in a cell?
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22
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How many pairs of sex chromosones are ther in a cell?
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one from mom
one from dad |
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DNA =
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Double standard helix
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Genetic material that makes an individual which makes a population.
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Genes
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Genes are ____ involved.
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INdirectly.
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How does geneotype of an animal influence its behavior?
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genes code for muscules hormones
skeletal system nereves which all drive a behavior |
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geneotype
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genes
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Give an example of how genes code for an animals behavior.
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EX. Merecat:
Does an alarm call when it gets nervous Something triggers in it's brain to be nerveous, which goes through nerveous system which goes to skeletal system and muscle system to make the merecat stand on its hind legs and do its alramcall. |
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An animals genes design the mechanisms that...
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drive behavior
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HH
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homozygous = dominant
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hh
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homozygous = recessive
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Hh
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heterozygous
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Give an example of Poldactyl Dominant.
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A cat having an extra toe.
=Dominant (TT or Tt) |
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give and example of a Recessive hh.
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A hairless cat
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Sex
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the passing of genes
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genetic ____is important to a population. Why?
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Variation
Because then you can have a bunch of diferent traits in the population. |
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Sexual reproduction:
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genetic recombination
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Characteristics of Mutation in a population (4)
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beneficial
neutral harmful lethal |
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What is a big point of migration?
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animals can mate and then move to a new location to spread thier genes.
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A large population od a species has a lot of...
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genetic diveristy
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How does low genetic diversity in a population impact behavior?
What does this cause? |
The behavior is off.
Males do not do sterotypical mating behaviors therfore females won't want to mate with them. LOW POPULATION of the species. |
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When a population dwindels.
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Bottelneck effect
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Name some things that could cause a bottelneck effect.
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Hurricane
hunting drought fire disease |
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What is the reason why bottelneck effects are so threghtening to a species?
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species will only be left with a few genetic combinations.
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lack of genetic variation is...
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UNCOMMON
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What could happen to the animals if a bottelneck effect happend?
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The appearance in the animals could become different or change.
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Bottelneck effects causes...
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Endangered species.
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What 2 animals engage in sex for pleasure?
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Bonobos and dolphins
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What hormone will help the fathers take care of the babies?
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Prolactin
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How many times a day might a lion mate?
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40 times a day!
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What hormone triggers sex drive?
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testosterone
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Name some reasons why animals cuddle. (6)
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Heat
a group looks large to predators Social recogition bonding trust maternial behaviors |
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What is the cuddeling hormone?
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Oxytocin
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Father of behavioral Endocrinology.
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Frank Beach
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What book did Frank Beach write?
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Hormones and Behaviors (1948)
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Chemical messenger
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hormone
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Where are ormones secreted from?
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Galnds
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hormone flow through --- to hit ---
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blood
organ |
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Hormones travels through____ ____ or ____
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ductless glands
neurons |
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Travel through blood to effect ....
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distant target cells
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Where is the receptor located?
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In the tearget organ
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What has to happen in order for the behavior to be expressed?
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The hormone has to fit perfectly with the receptor.
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<< (hormone and receptor)
dies it work or not? |
YES!
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<> (hormone and receptor)
dies it work or not? |
NO!
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Name two chacteristics of testosterone
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sex drive
agressive behavior |
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third eye
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Pineal gland
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in the brain
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pituitary gland
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located in the neck
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thyroid
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secretes testosterone (where women get testoserone)
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adreanal
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Name the major endocrine glands (4)
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pineal gland
pitiuitary gland thyroid adreanal |
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What is the Pineal Gland's principal hormones?
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Mealtonin
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Stimulated by darkness, inhibited by light
Biological rythems |
Melatonin
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Where is the Hypothalamus gland located?
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In the brain
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What is Hypothalmus's primary hormone?
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GnRH
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Starts the cascade of reproduction events
sperm and the production or estrus. |
GnRH
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What does Estrus mean?
give example. |
Means ready to mate.
A female baboon's butt will turn red when it has ovulated signaling that it is ready to mate and in estrus. |
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What is the Pituitary Gland's primary hormone?
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FSH and LH
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What does FSH and LH do?
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gets the sperm ready and estrus
also balances water and salt in the body (to keep from dehydration) |
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What do Thyroids do?
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involved in groth and development.
Controls metabolic rate. either gain a lot f weight or can't gain any weight. |
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Located in the testies or ovaries,
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Gonads
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What is the gonads main hormone?
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testosterone
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What does estrogen and progesterone do?
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production of eggs.
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A boy that was castrated.
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Eunuchs
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Why do Eunuchs often protect girls?
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Because he cannt take advantage of them,
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What do Eunuchs lack?
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2nd sex charcteristics 9adams apple muscles typical male shape facial hair.
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Name some characteristicas of Enuchs
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-high voice
-no sex drive -homosexuality is popular -very long arms and legs |
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When is the best time to carstrate a dog?
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Prior to puberty
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learned behavior can or cannot be reversed?
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CANNOT
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result of castrating a dog before puberty...
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NO sexual behavior
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result of castrating a dog after puberty...
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learned sexual behavior
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Why do animals camouflage?
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for communication, mates, predators
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Stimulating hormone that affects the pattern and concentration of color cells, chromotophers.
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(MSH) Melanophore
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Coloration and how it moves in and out our in the animale.
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Chromatophers
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So when a stickelbacked Fh gets angry they will turn from clear to birhgt blue, HOW?
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MHS is relased which triggers the dispersion of color cells.
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Timulationg hormone directing the nervous system for a rapid change,
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Metanophore
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contained within chromatophers.
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Bichromes (pigments)
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color, texture
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cephalopeds
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What colors can chromatophers be?
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black brown red yellow or orange
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cells that help refelct light
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leucophores
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control the ability to change size shape and color.
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Serotonin
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what controls the distribution of pigmenr?
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nerves
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sexual hermaphrodte
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sexual reversal
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in sexual hermaphrodite when do you get a new leader?
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if the male dissapears or dies then the biggest most dominat female will move to that position. She then changes into a male and secretes the male inhibiting hormone
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What hormone keeps all the other fish from changing sexes once secreated?
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Thee male inhibiting hormone.
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What do Hyenas have?
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Behavioral sex role revearsal
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how the female hyenas like males
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clitoris is penis like appearance
erectile tissie masculineized females behavior and external genitailia labia loks like a scrotal sac |
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WHy are the female hyenass masculine?
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They are afffected by androstenedione during development.
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suggests reason for difference in behavior between males and female.
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Organizational/ acitvational hypothesis
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critical time periods of early development. organized by hormones, which organize the nerevous system.
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Organizational.
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exposure to sex hormones in adulthood, activates the nervous system
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activational
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when is brain primed and activated?
aslo known as organizational activational hypothesis. |
primed in early development
activated later in life. |
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what happenes to cause feminine boys and masculine girls when born in a litter?
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FREEMARTINS.
becasue their umbilicalcords are attached to the same placenta and hormones are very strong T can affect a grl surrounded by Boys and E can affects a boy surrounded by girls. |
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_____ are passed between twins,
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androgens
vascular connection of placenta |
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What may influeance adult sexual behavior and morphology?
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interuterine position of babies, freemartian.
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a call that contains a color pigment.
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cromataphore
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What triggers an animal to migrate?
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when they put ona caertain amount of body fat
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chemicals that are secreated
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melatonian and ceartonin.
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the scientific study of cycles in animals
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chronobiology
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an animals behavior is drirectly cued to cyclic environmental features
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biological rythems.
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external environmental eevents
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biological rythem
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internal timing mechanism within organisims.
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clock
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all biological rythem is....
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inherited.
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estrocycle
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a cycle that tells them to tyr to get pregnant each month
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Name some properties of Biological Rythem
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all BR is inherited
temp independant resistant to chemical intervention occours with the same frequency cyclic signaled environmental cues. |
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time between two migration events
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period
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rest time
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phase
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offsrping to be born in the srping
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temperate regions
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estrocycle
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a cycle that tells them to tyr to get pregnant each month
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Name some properties of Biological Rythem
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all BR is inherited
temp independant resistant to chemical intervention occours with the same frequency cyclic signaled environmental cues. |
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time between two migration events
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period
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rest time
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phase
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offsrping to be born in the srping
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temperate regions
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estrocycle
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a cycle that tells them to tyr to get pregnant each month
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Name some properties of Biological Rythem
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all BR is inherited
temp independant resistant to chemical intervention occours with the same frequency cyclic signaled environmental cues. |
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time between two migration events
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period
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rest time
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phase
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offsrping to be born in the srping
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temperate regions
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cue to many rythems
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photoperiod
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in the spring and in the fall?
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darkness
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TED stand for
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turtle exclusion device
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what do grunion do? how often?
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once a month on the lunar phase
throw them seleves on the shore of beach for sex. |
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what animal mates during the full moon?
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Horseshoe crabs
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Diurnal
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active during the day
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noctournal
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active a night
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crepuscular
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acitve at dusk or dawn
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One year based on the rythems
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Circannual rythem
EX. Migratary patterns in birds. |
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What is an Epitoke?
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explosion of sperm and egg
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how much body fat does an animal need to put on in order to migrate?
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20-30%
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Changes in fat depositon is driven by...
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photoperiod.
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What is the usefullnes of biological clocks?
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sycronizing the behavioral activites such as reproductive events with the enviornment.
High nutrion in the sping and summer, less harsh water. |
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WHy do mole rats lack daily cycles?
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they live underground.
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biological rythem of an organismin that are NOT syncronized with environmental cues
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Free- running
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legallly blind people are an example of...
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free runners.
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What will happen if an animal is kept in total darkness?
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The activity of the animal will drift,
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DAY
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serotonin
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NIGHT
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melatonian
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Why is photoperiod the primary cue that sets and alters biological clocks?
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becuase it is perdicable and CONSISTANT
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not afraid of something
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hibituation
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learning through association
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classical conditioning
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condtion response only happens when...
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learning occours.
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Condition stimulus
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failure to repsond.
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WHo made the Law of Effect?
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Throndike
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