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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Which of the following is true regarding anesthesia of reptiles? |
Fasting is not usually necessary |
Fasting is not usually necessary. The skin should never be scrubbed but rinsed only with antiseptic. Perioperative antibiotics are not recommended due to reptile sensitivity to these drugs. Because reptiles are cold-blooded, heat support is not necessary. |
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For which species is it most common to clip and clean the surgical site prior to anesthetic induction? |
Horse |
Dog Ferret Cat Horse |
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Anesthetic monitoring is extremely important in the operating room. If you are in surgery with a cat, which of the following parameters would you consider abnormal? |
Temperature of 93.7F |
Systolic blood pressure of 132 mmHg Temperature of 93.7F PCV of 39 End-tidal CO2 of 45 |
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Myositis in a horse can occur as a result of which of the following? |
Prolonged recumbency during anesthesia. |
Administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories prior to anesthesia will result in myositis. A blood lactate level of 1.0 mg/dl and higher will result in myositis. Prolonged recumbency during anesthesia. Intraoperative hypertension will result in myositis. |
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While performing an epidural on a dog, your needle begins to fill with a clear pale straw colored fluid, what is the appropriate action? |
Aspirate and if there is no blood it is ok to administer half of the calculated dose of anesthetic. |
You must withdraw the needle completely and no further attempts should be made. This is normal and it is ok to aspirate, if there is no blood give the full calculated dose of anesthetic. Aspirate and if there is no blood it is ok to administer half of the calculated dose of anesthetic. You must withdraw the needle completely and start over. |
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When anesthetizing a rabbit for anesthesia, which vein is most often used? |
Auricular |
Auricular Medial saphenous Lateral saphenous Jugular Cephalic |
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What is the neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle? |
Acetylcholine |
Norepinephrine GABA Acetylcholine Dopamine Acetylcholinesterase |
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Anticholinergics can be used in small mammals as part of a preanesthetic protocol. Of the following, which anticholinergic is the best choice for use in rabbits? |
Glycopyrrolate |
Glycopyrrolate Atropine Midazolam Diazepam |
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Oscillometric or Doppler equipment is a way of measuring what parameter? |
Indirect blood pressure |
Hematocrit Oxygen saturation Indirect blood pressur Central Venous Pressure Blood glucose |
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Approximately 5ccs of an inhalant anesthetic is spilled while the vaporizer on an anesthetic machine is being filled. What course of action should be taken? |
The vaporizer should be closed and the room well ventilated. |
The hospital should be evacuated. Nothing, continue filling the vaporizer. The vaporizer should be closed and the room well ventilated. The fire department should be called. The spill should be cleaned up using paper towels and bleach. Dilute the spill 1:1 with water and then wipe up with a towel. |
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You want to give a pre-surgical dose of antibiotics to your patient. You have a 1 gram vial of cefoxitin that is reconstituted with 5 mls of sterile water. You want to give a 20 mg/kg dose to a 25 kg dog. How many mls do you give? |
2.5 |
5 10 1.25 2.5 7.5 |
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You are monitoring a 2 kg kitten being spayed at the humane society; she is intubated and is on isoflurane gas for maintenance. She is on IV fluids at 10 mL/hr. Her blood pressure starts to drop during the procedure. You have already given her a bolus of fluids. Which of the following should you do first to try to increase her blood pressure? |
Turn down the anesthetic gas. |
Turn down the anesthetic gas. Give a 90 ml/kg bolus of a crystalloid fluid intravenously. Give a dose of atropine. Turn off the heat support to prevent peripheral vasodilation, which decreases blood pressure. |
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A patient's fluid rate is currently set at 150 ml/hr. The doctor asks you to decrease the fluid rate by 25%. What is the new rate? |
112.5 ml |
112.5 ml 87.5 ml 90 ml 37.5 ml |
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Which of the following is the best approximation of the typical tidal volume of a 20 kg dog? |
300 ml |
300 ml 100 ml 800 ml 8 L per minute 4 L |
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A dog having a rough recovery from anesthesia has been ordered to receive 0.02 mg/kg of acepromazine. The dog's body weight is 40 lbs, and the acepromazine is diluted to a 1 mg/ml solution. How much acepromazine should this patient be administered? |
0.36 ml |
0.036 ml 1.2 ml 0.8 ml 0.36 ml |
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A patient is hypoventilating and the end-tidal CO2 is rising. The doctor instructs you to give the patient a breath. The pressure on the manometer to which you ventilate the patient is: |
20 cm H2O |
40 cm H2O 5 cm H2O 20 cm H2O 60 cm H2O |
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Padding is extremely important when a horse is under general anesthesia. When the animal is placed in dorsal recumbency, how much padding is required between the surgical table and the horse? |
At least six inches |
At least six inches Twelve to fourteen inches At least twelve inches Two to four inches |
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Which of the following pieces of information should the technician be most aware of prior to inducing a patient for anesthesia? |
When the patient ate last |
When the patient urinated last. When the patient last had an anesthetic procedure. When the patient ate last. When the patient defecated last. |
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Which species commonly has laryngospasm when you are trying to place an endotracheal tube during anesthetic induction? |
Cat |
Horse Cow Dog Cat |
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Which of the following breeds would be considered brachycephalic? |
Pug |
Greyhound Chihuahua Golden Retriever Pug Dachshund |
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Gas exchange occurs between air and blood by diffusion through which structure? |
Alveoli |
Trachea Pleura Alveoli Bronchi |
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Which anatomic structure is the passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems? |
Pharynx |
Tongue Bronchi Larynx Esophagus Pharynx |
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Which of the following is NOT a contraindication of epidural placement in the dog? |
Obesity |
Fractures of the sacrum or pelvis. Obesity Coagulopathy Skin infection in the area of the needle insertion. |
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Anesthetic monitoring of pet patients is one of the most important veterinary technician duties. How often should vitals be checked and recorded? |
5 minutes |
1 minute 20 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes |
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What is the name for the blood pressure measurement when the ventricles of the heart are relaxed? |
Diastolic pressure |
Mean arterial pressure Mean corpuscular volume Diastolic pressure Systolic pressure Central venous pressure |
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What is another name for a non-rebreathing anesthesia circuit? |
Bain system |
Peep system CO2 system Circle system Bain system |
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A cat is having a surgical procedure. How long should food be withheld prior to general anesthesia? |
10 hours |
1 hour 3 hours 6 hours 18 hours 24 hours 10 hours |
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What is the approximate minute volume of a 4 kg cat? |
1 L |
100 ml 250 ml 40 ml 4 L 25 ml 1 L |
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The veterinarian asks you use glycopyrrolate to premedicate a patient in the hospital. Using the image, calculate how many milliliters you will administer to a 35 kg dog at a dosage of 0.01 mg/kg? |
1.75 ml |
0.18 ml 1.75 ml 0.004 ml 0.08 ml |
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What is the major concern when a patient has a long recovery post-op and is laterally recumbent for an extended period of time? |
Atelectasis |
Anemia Hypovolemia Pericardial effusion Atelectasis |
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In regards to rabbit anesthesia, which of the following best explains why the use of sedative premedications should be given prior to inducing anesthesia using a mask or induction chamber to deliver gas agents such as Isoflurane? |
To help prevent breath holding |
Allows intubation prior to induction. Anesthesia in rabbits can not be achieved by gas agents alone. To help prevent breath holding . To cause an increase in heart rate. |
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When cattle are placed in lateral recumbency during general anesthesia, how should the head be positioned to decrease the risk of aspiration? |
Head and oral cavity lower than the neck. |
Head and oral cavity at the same level as the neck. Head and oral cavity higher than the neck or at the same level as the neck. Head and oral cavity higher than the neck. Head and oral cavity lower than the neck. |
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Which of the following is the "minute volume" of a patient under anesthesia? |
Respiratory rate multiplied by tidal volume. |
Respiratory rate multiplied by tidal volume. Oxygen consumption multiplied by tidal volume. Tidal volume divided by lung capacity. Respiratory rate multiplied by lung capacity. |
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Which is the correct direction through the heart in which blood flows? |
Right atrium, tricuspid valve, left atrium, mitral valve. |
Right atrium, aortic valve, left atrium, pulmonic valve. Left atrium, mitral valve, right atrium, aortic valve. Right atrium, tricuspid valve, left atrium, mitral valve. Right atrium, mitral valave, left atrium, tricuspid valve. |
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Thiopental is a barbiturate used to induce anesthesia. Once reconstituted it is a 2% solution. The attending veterinarian asks you to induce a 27 kg dog with a dosage of 10 mg/kg. How many milligrams do you need, and how many milliliters will you draw up into the syringe? |
270 mg / 13.5 mls |
135 mg / 27 mls 27 mg / 2.7 mls 270 mg / 13.5 mls 13.5 mg / 270 mls |
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Which anesthetic breathing circuit should be used for rabbit anesthesia? |
A breathing circuit with minimal dead space. |
A breathing circuit with plenty of dead space. A breathing circuit with minimal dead space. As long as you are using a precision vaporizer the breathing circuit does not matter. As long as you are using a nonprecision vaporizer the breathing circuit does not matter. |
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You are opening the boxes from today's shipments and find soda lime. What is this used for? |
Anesthesia machine |
Suction canister Anesthesia machine Vaccine refrigerator Autoclave |
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What part of the brain controls heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure? |
Brain stem |
Brain stem Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Cerebellum |
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In a non-rebreathing anesthesia circuit, which of the following is NOT used? |
Unidirectional valve |
Oxygen Reservoir bag Unidirectional valve Scavenger |
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You are monitoring an adult cat under anesthesia. Since induction, the heart has been slowing down. What is the approximate lowest acceptable heart rate for this cat? |
120 |
120 160 180 140 |
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When performing anesthesia in the horse, which of the following should always be done prior to induction and intubation? |
Throughly rinse the oral cavity. |
Throughly rinse the oral cavity. Apply a small amount of lidocaine to the larynx. Float the molars. Insert a tube into the esophagus so that you are able to place the endotracheal tube properly. |
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As a technician, it will be your responsibility to administer medications in most situations. Which of the following is not a common medication administered to horses post-operatively? |
Dexamethasone |
Dexamethasone Omeprazole Banamine Procaine-penicillin G |
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Which of the following sedative or anesthetic drugs would NOT frequently cause hypotension (low blood pressure)? |
Ketamine |
Acepromazine Propofol Ketamine Isoflurane |
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You are taking indirect blood pressure readings on a cat with hyperthyroidism. Which is true when choosing a cuff for the patient? |
The cuff diameter should be about 40% the circumference of the limb. |
The cuff diameter should be about 75% the circumference of the limb. The size of the cuff is not significant if placed tightly enough. The cuff diameter should be about 40% the circumference of the limb. Indirect blood pressure measurements do not involve using a cuff. |
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A dog under anesthesia has an end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) reading of 60 mm Hg. What should be done? |
Give the patient a breath, or ventilate, to lower the ETCO2. |
Increase the anesthetic gas because the patient is light Increase the oxygen flow rate to the patient. Give the patient a breath, or ventilate, to lower the ETCO2. Give a dose of atropine IV. |
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Which is true regarding blood flow in the heart? |
Pressure in the right atrium is greater than the left atrium, so blood flows right to left. |
Pressure in the left atrium is greater than the right atrium, so blood flows right to left. Pressure in the left atrium is greater than the right atrium, so blood flows left to right. Pressure in the right atrium is greater than the left atrium, so blood flows right to left. Pressure is equal across both atria to prevent backup of blood in the heart. |
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What heart valve is responsible for separating blood between the left atrium and left ventricle? |
Mitral valve |
Aortic valve Mitral valve Pulmonary valve Tricuspid valve |
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Stimulation of the Vagus nerve results in which of the following? |
Slowed heart rate |
Tachycardia Dilated pupils Slowed heart rate Diarrhea Hypersalivation |
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A laryngoscope might aid in which procedure? |
Endotracheal tube placement |
Ear drum examination Jugular catheter placement Anal gland expression Endotracheal tube placemen |
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The main stimulus for ventilation is the partial pressure of which of the following gases? |
Carbon dioxide |
Carbon dioxide Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon monoxide |
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In the United States, what type of gas is in a blue gas tank? |
Nitrous oxide |
Nitrogen Oxygen Medical compressed air Nitrous oxide Carbon Dioxide |
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Which of the following statements regarding inhalant anesthetics is true? |
Drugs with low solubility (blood/gas solubility coefficients) produce rapid induction and recovery rates. |
Drugs with low minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) produce rapid induction and recovery rates. Drugs with low solubility (blood/gas solubility coefficients) produce rapid induction and recovery rates. Drugs with high minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) produce rapid induction and recovery rates. Drugs with high solubility (blood/gas solubility coefficients) produce rapid induction and recovery rates. |
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You are hooking up the anesthesia machine and place the pulse oximeter on the dog's tongue. This is to measure which of the following? |
Oxygen saturation |
Respiratory rate Electrical impulse of the heart Oxygen saturation Carbon dioxide |
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An animal needs to be sedated with Dexmedetomidine. The patient weighs 2200, lbs and the dose that the clinician wishes to administer is 10 micrograms per kilogram. Dexmedetomidine is available as a 1 mg/ml solution. How many milliliters will be administered? |
10 ml |
1 ml 10 ml 100 ml 0.5 ml |
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What is the function of soda lime in an anesthetic machine? |
Absorb carbon dioxide |
Absorb carbon monoxide Absorb anesthetic gases Absorb oxygen Absorb nitrogen Absorb carbon dioxide |
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Which of the following is not a complication associated with the placement of an epidural in a dog that is under anesthesia? |
Vomiting |
Urinary retention Respiratory depression Hypotension Vomiting |
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A dog under anesthesia is hypoventilating. This means which of the following is true? |
The CO2 level is high |
The oxygen level is high The CO2 level is low The CO2 level is high The oxygen and the CO2 levels are high |
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What is a main function of a red blood cell? |
Carry oxygen to the tissues |
Carry oxygen to the tissues. Facilitate phagocytosis of bacteria and viruses. Help clot a wound. Produce histamine. |
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Which anesthetic gas would be most likely to induce a cardiac arrhythmia? |
Halothane |
Isoflurane Halothane Sevoflurane Oxygen |
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While the surgeon is focused on the task at hand, it is the anesthetist's job to make sure the patient's vitals are maintained at a normal plane. Which of the following is not suggestive of significant blood loss? |
Cyanotic mucous membranes |
Weak pulses Cyanotic mucous membranes Rapid respiratory rate Rapid heart rate |
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Pre-anesthetic drugs are used for all of the following reasons except which of the following? |
To decrease the blood pressure |
Less induction drugs are needed Reduce anxiety Provide analgesia Smoother anesthetic induction and recovery period. To decrease the blood pressure. |
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The somatic nervous system is responsible for which of the following functions? |
Voluntary motor movement |
Voluntary motor movement Contraction of the intestines Regulation of heart rate Secretion of saliva |
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Which of the following components of an anesthetic machine needs to be replaced regularly? |
Barium lime |
Barium lime Vaporizer One-way valves Breathing tubes |
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You are attempting to give an intra-jugular injection to a horse and insert the needle to the hub. Blood is forcefully pulsating and ejecting from the needle. What is the most likely explanation? |
You are in the carotid artery |
This is normal when injecting medication into the jugular of a horse. The horse has hypertension. The vein is spasming, and this is normal; it is okay to give the medication. You are in the carotid artery. |
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Name the heart chamber responsible for pumping blood toward the lungs. |
Right ventricle |
Left ventricle Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle |
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Oxygenated blood returning from the lungs travels in which blood vessel? |
Pulmonary vein |
Aorta Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Vena cava |
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Which of the following catheters would allow the largest volume of fluids to be given over the shortest amount of time? |
16g x 1" |
16g x 1" 18g x 2" 22g x 3/4" 24g x 1" |
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In what order does an electrical impulse travel through the heart? |
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fiber. |
SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, Bundle of His. SA node, Bundle of His, AV node, Purkinje fibers. SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers. AV node, SA node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers. Bundle of His, SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers. |
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For which of the following procedures would an epidural be of most benefit? |
Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) |
Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) Splenectomy Pericardial window Forelimb amputation |
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Which of the following is considered a normal pulse oximetry reading? |
98% |
90% 50% 98% 1% |
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You are asked to recover a patient after surgery. When should you pull the endotracheal tube? |
After the patient has an adequate swallowing reflex. |
After the patient is able to move its limbs. After the eyes are alert and the dog is aware of its surroundings. After the patient's temperature has reached at least 100.0. After the patient has an adequate swallowing reflex. |
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Which of the following description of the properties of an inhalant anesthetic is true? |
Drugs with low minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) are the most potent. |
Drugs with low minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) are the most potent. Drugs with high solubility (blood/gas solubility coefficients) are the most potent. Drugs with high minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) are the most potent. Drugs with low solubility (blood/gas solubility coefficients) are the most potent. |
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You are responsible for anesthetizing an adult cat. What size endotracheal tube would you have ready for this patient? |
#4 |
#6 #2 #4 #8 |
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Which of the following is an indicator that a spinal needle has successfully been placed into the epidural space in a horse? |
Fluid is immediately drawn in when placed on the hub of the needle. |
Fluid bubbles immediately when placed on the hub of the needle. Fluid is immediately drawn in when placed on the hub of the needle. Spinal fluid fills the hub of the needle. There is moderate resistance when pushing fluid through the spinal needle. |
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What is the most common location for placement of an arterial catheter (a-line) in a dog? |
Dorsal metatarsal artery |
Radial artery Dorsal metatarsal artery Pulmonary artery Femoral artery Brachial artery |
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Which anesthetic is short-acting, white-opaque in color, and can cause transient apnea on induction? |
Propofol |
Thiopental Ketamine Propofol Etomidate |
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What is the ideal time period to withhold food in large ruminants prior to general anesthesia for an elective procedure? |
24-48 hours |
24-48 hours Ruminants should not be fasted prior to anesthesia. 8-12 hours 4-6 hours |
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Certain drugs may cause a rapid rise in temperature during anesthesia. This is known as malignant hyperthermia. Which species is at greatest risk for this condition? |
Porcine |
Porcine Caprine Equine Canine |
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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to which of the following? |
Rate of blood flow to the kidneys |
Rate of blood flow to the kidneys Size of the kidneys Albumin level in the blood Tubule secretion rate |
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Perioperative antibiotics are essential in preventing unwanted infections. What is the best time to administer the antibiotic? |
30 minutes prior to making an incision |
At the time of the incision Immediately after surgery. 30 minutes prior to making an incision. 24 hours prior to surgery. 1 hour prior to anesthesia. |
