Anesthesia

Front 1

Neuroleptic

Back 1

Neuroleptic:

Any drug that favorably modifies psychotic clinical signs.

Front 2

Neuroleptic Analgesics

Back 2

Neuroleptic Analgesics:

The combination of a sedative/tranquilizer (neuroleptic agent) and a narcotic analgesic (pain control). Acepromazine is an example of a neuroleptic agent, and mepeidine is an example of a narcotic analgesic.

Front 3

Why is the combination effect of neuroleptic analgesics an advantage?

Back 3

Why is the combination effect of neuroleptic analgesics an advantage?:

Because they relax the patient and help alleviate pain.

Front 4

Analgesic Drugs

Back 4

Analgesic Drugs:

Are any drugs that relieve pain. They create the absence of sensibility to pain, particularly the relief of pain without loss of consciousness.

Front 5

What analgesic drugs are inappropriate for felines?

Back 5

What analgesic drugs are inappropriate for felines?:

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) and Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Front 6

Artificial Tears

Back 6

Artificial Tears:

Is a topical ointment that should be applied to both eyes of an anesthetized patient after induction, but prior to surgery in order to prevent drying of the corneal surface.

Front 7

Pre-Anesthetic Drugs

Back 7

Pre-Anesthetic Drugs:

Are drugs that give a patient a light sedation/anesthesia or narcosis (a reversible state of CNS depression induced by a drug) as a preliminary to administration of general anestesia.

Front 8

Some pre-anesthetic drugs include what?

Back 8

Some pre-anesthetic drugs include what?:

Atropine

Hydromorphone

Acepromazine

B.A.G

Front 9

Atropine

Back 9

Atropine:

Is used as a pre-anesthetic in order to stimulate the heart rate of the patient prior to subsequent reduction due to anesthetic depression, as well as depress the salivary glands in order to reduce hypersalivation. Causes pupil dilation and prevents bradycardia by causing tachycardia.

Front 10

Barbiturates

Back 10

Barbiturates:

Belong to the group of medications called CNS depressants (drugs which act on the brain and CNS). Some barbiturates may be used before surgery in order to relieve anxiety and tension, because they cause drowsiness. Barbiturates can also be used as anticonvulsants. Barbiturates should be given I.V., orally, or as a suppository because they are irritating and damaging to tissues if given SQ.

Front 11

Xylazine

Back 11

Xylazine:

Is a pre-anesthetic drug that may cause vomiting, and Ace-promazine may cause respiratory depression, or the onset of convulsions, making it unsuitable as a pre-anesthetic for very young and geriatric patients, as well as patients with a history of seizures.

Front 12

Induction Drugs

Back 12

Induction Drugs:

Are drugs that are used in order to produce a state of unconsciousness in the patient in order to induce them (intubation) and then maintain them on a general anesthetic such as Isoflurane or Sevoflurane gas anesthesia. Propofol is milky white in appearance and is popular inductiondrug because it is metabolized quickly, it is often used in conjunction with valium. Ketamine and Valium (Ket-Val) is a popular induction combination for cats.

Front 13

Anesthetic Gas

Back 13

Anesthetic Gas:

Is used as a maintenance for general anesthesia ( a state of unconsciousness produces by anesthetic agents, with absence of pain sensation over the entire body and a greater or lesser degree of muscular relaxation. Isoflurance and Sevoflurane are the two most commonly used inhalation anesthetics.

Front 14

Why is Sevoflurane being used more commonly in the veterinary field?

Back 14

Why is Sevoflurane being used more commonly in the veterinary field?:

Because of its smoother and faster induction and recovery times, and its supposed more gentle effects on young, geriatric, and exotic patients.

Front 15

What are three ways in which inhalation anesthetic agents can be administered?

Back 15

What are three ways in which inhalation anesthetic agents can be administered?:

Mask Induction

Box Induction

Endotracheal Tube Administration

Front 16

2% Lidocaine

Back 16

2% Lidocaine:

Is a local anesthetic agent (an agent that serves as a nerve block in a limited area). Lidocaine may be used as a cardiac antiarrhythmic, as an epidural agent, and is commonly used to desensitize the larynx of cats for endotracheal tube placement (in which it is absorbed by the mucous membranes).

Front 17

When should a post operative analgesic be given?

Back 17

When should a post operative analgesic be given?:

After the patient has been extubated and is conscious enough to swallow, as well as the patients vital signs are within normal range.

Front 18

Pre-Operative

Back 18

Pre-Operative:

Is the time and preparation achieved prior to placing an animal under anesthesia and starting surgery (e.g. physical exam, pre-operative radiographs of a fractured limb).

Front 19

When evaluating a patient for surgery under anesthesia, what would be the most important subject to consider in a physical exam?

Back 19

When evaluating a patient for surgery under anesthesia, what would be the most important subject to consider in a physical exam?:

Pre-existing health conditions

Front 20

What are the two body systems that undergo the greatest stress under anesthesia and require special attention?

Back 20

What are the two body systems that undergo the greatest stress under anesthesia and require special attention?:

Cardiovascular

Pulmonary Systems

Front 21

Sight Hounds

Back 21

Sight Hounds:

The greatest danger of anesthetizing dogs classified in the "sight hound" breed category is that the drugs are not slowly absorbed because of the low fat level of the breeds.

Front 22

Why should you not use an over sized endotracheal tube or withdrawing the tube without deflating the cuff?

Back 22

Why should you not use an over sized endotracheal tube or withdrawing the tube without deflating the cuff?:

It is dangerous and may cause death

Front 23

An endotracheal tube should be inserted so that its tip does not pass the what?

Back 23

An endotracheal tube should be inserted so that its tip does not pass the what?:

Treacheal Bifurcation

Front 24

Of the stages of anesthesia induction, which stage is best for surgical procedures?

Back 24

Of the stages of anesthesia induction, which stage is best for surgical procedures?:

Stage III

Front 25

What are the patients vitals you need to check at least every 5-10 minutes?

Back 25

What are the patients vitals you need to check at least every 5-10 minutes?:

HR/pulse

RR

BP

SPO2

CO2

Front 26

If a patient is under anesthesia and there is concern about excessive anesthetic depth, some physiological indications of this may be what?

Back 26

If a patient is under anesthesia and there is concern about excessive anesthetic depth, some physiological indications of this may be what?:

RR below 5bpm

HR is half the patients normal rate

Pulse oximetry is at less than 95% (measures the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and pulse rate)

Increased CO2 (greater than 45)

Patient is extremely hypothermic

Front 27

How do you quickly reduce the anesthetic depth in a patient attached to an anesthetic machine?

Back 27

How do you quickly reduce the anesthetic depth in a patient attached to an anesthetic machine?:

Turn off the vaporizer and push the oxygen flush valve.

Front 28

Peri-Operative

Back 28

Peri-Operative:

Is referred to as the time during surgery, or when the surgical procedure is currently being done.

Front 29

Anesthetic Machines

Back 29

Anesthetic Machines:

Anesthetic machines enable the patient to inhale a mixture of anesthetic gas and oxygen, process the mixture through the lungs, and conclude with a normal exhale of carbon dioxide

Front 30

What is an anesthetic waste gas-scavenging system?

Back 30

What is an anesthetic waste gas-scavenging system?:

Is a device used to reduce the pollution of the air in surgeries cause by exhales anesthetic gases. This system may be canister of filtering material attached to the machine or suction lines at strategic exits to ventilate outside the building.

Front 31

Non re-breathing system

Back 31

Non re-breathing system:

Is an independent ventilation system that is used to achieve the same effect of the anesthetic machine on smaller scale patients. A non-rebreathing system is appropriate for a patient weighing less than 15 pounds. (Cats, rabbits, and most exotics would be placed on a non re-breathing system)

Front 32

Post-Operative

Back 32

Post-Operative:

Is after surgery has been performed and the patient is taken off of maintenance (usually gas) anesthesia, and is awaiting extubation (recovery of patient)

Front 33

When an animal is recovering from anesthesia, the endotracheal tube should be pulled, or removed of when?

Back 33

When an animal is recovering from anesthesia, the endotracheal tube should be pulled, or removed of when?:

Only after deflating the cuff and when the swallowing or gag reflex returns (ideally after three good swallows).

Front 34

What are some things that should be provided for a patient immediately after surgery?

Back 34

What are some things that should be provided for a patient immediately after surgery?:

Ample bedding to prevent heat loss and increase comfort

A source of heat support in hypothermia cases

Postoperative analgesic drugs as prescribed by a DVM

Front 35

Fentanyl patch

Back 35

Fentanyl patch:

A patch used for post-operative pain management. These patches have a delayed onset of around 24 hours, and are often used in combination with other analgesics (either oral or IV)