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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cuneiform tablet: read down form right to left
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Gilgamesh Wrestling Lion (?)
from the citadel of Sargon II, Dar Sharrukin ca. 720-705 B.C.E. limestone 13 ft. 10 in. high Mesopotamia Epic of Gilgamesh (language of Akkadian): ancient flood stories Ruler of Uruk Part God/ part human Learns that death is a part of life, theme of mortality |
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White Temple and ziggurat
Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E. mud brick Oldest monument to ancient city-state. Made of mudbricks |
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Female head (possibly Inanna)
from Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E. marble approximately 8 in. high Inana evolves into the Goddes Ishtar (Esther) Revered and feared at the same time Found in precinct of building devoted to Inana Valuable- marble, would have had Jewels and Gold |
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Warka Vase
from Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E. alabaster approximately 3 ft. high Different stories in registers (levels), creating a sequence, though with ground-line: creating a sense of gravity (like comic books) Animals presented in profile 3 Associated with abundance and fertility 2 Naked men carrying offerings to Goddesses 1 Inana on top |
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Statuettes of worhippers
from Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar) Iraq ca. 2,700 B.C.E. gypsum, shell, black limestone tallest 30 in. high Stand ins for worshippers Statues would pray all the time, represent ongoing pious of worshipper Eyes wide open- watchfulness, anticipation in praying to the Gods Men-bare-chested Women- covered Different sizes |
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Fragment of the victory stele of Eannatum (Stele of the Vultures) from Girsu, Iraq, ca. 2600-2500 B.C.E. Limestone, fragment 2’ 6” high, full stele 5’ 11” high
Nature of warfare in Mesopotamia Victory-soldiers trading over enemy bodies Combining cuneiform with pictorial representation ENSI- name of king and ruler Vulture’s carrying off bodies |
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Standard of Ur
from Tomb 779, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq ca. 2,600 B.C.E. wood, shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone approximately 8 x 19 in. Abraham’s birthplace Not a standard (flag for battle) Lapis Lazuli, shell, wood- indicates trade Registers/ War side/ Chariots moving gradually overtime King sticks out of register Peace side- After battle celebration, or harvest / Musician on far right end |
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Bull-headed lyre
from Tomb 789, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) ca. 2,600 B.C.E./ wood, gold leaf, lapis lazuli/ approximately 65 in. high Found in symmetry Part of harp, bulls head (maybe Gilgamesh) Inlaid ivory at base/ Heraldic-symmetry at top Twisted perspective of man |
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Cylinder seal from the tomb of Pu-abi Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq ca. 2,600 B.C.E.
approximately 2 in. high Cylinder seal- mode of signature |
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Seal with seated figure
in yogic posture, from Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, ca. 2300-1750 B.C.E. Steatite coated with alkali and baked, 1⅜x 1⅜. India Indus= river Same ornamental horns as harp’s head Yogic position Suggestion of ancient yogic position Erect penis |
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Head of an Akkadian ruler
from Ninevah (modern Kuyunjik) Iraq ca. 2,250-2,200 B.C.E. copper, 14 3/8 in. high Akkadian- later in Mesopotamia Sarga I known for conquering city states King is God, loyalty of subjects to King as God Head of an Akkadian ruler Hollow copper from cast-complex process Pattern and texture in beard Eyes and ears desecrated/ Conceptual use of patterns Contrasting specific (beard) with abstract (hair) Optical and conceptual |
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Victory stele of Naram-Sin
from Susa, Iran ca. 2,254-2,218 B.C.E. sandstone 79 in. high Naram-Sin: grandson of Sarga Ruler as God Hierarchy of scale Head dress with horns indicates divinity No registers or flat ground line Victory=order, safety, stability, Loss= promoting disorder |
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Votive disk of Enheduanna, from Ur, Iraq
Ca. 2300-2275 BCE, Alabaster, diameter 10” A disk for Enheduana Priestess of the Goddess Nanna (goddess of the moon) Composed poetry hymns to godess Nanna Oldest known poet and literary figure in history |
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Ziggurat
at Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq ca. 2,100 B.C.E. mud brick Neo-Sumerian Art Large Ziggurat More symmetrical than previous onces Base of mud bricks |
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Seated statue of Gudea holding temple plan
from Girsu (modern Telloh) Iraq ca. 2,100 B.C.E. diorite 29 in. high Gudea- made from diorite (hard stone) Built many temples Does not think of himself as God Hands clasped in prayer Gudea is continuosly praying On lap, plans for next temple |
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Gudeas
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Stele with code of Hammurabi
from Susa, Iran ca. 1,780 B.C.E./ basalt 88 in. high Babylonia becomes central city Hammurabi code- most complete copy Law code Turning point- formulation of law Keeps leader from ruling arbitraily Strong cannot oppress weak (but still caste system) Protection and care for widows Law being handed to Hammurabi by God Shamash (rod) Twisted perspective and profile |
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Lion Gate, Hatusa, Turkey, ca. 1400 BCE. Heavy stone; lions are seven feet high.
Hittite Art Lions guarding city Monumental protectors Illustrating dynamic of guardian creature at gate symmetric |
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Statue of Queen Napir-Asu
from Susa, Iran ca. 1,350-1,300 B.C.E. bronze and copper 50 3/4 in. high |
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Reconstruction drawing
of the citadel of Sargon II, Dar Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad) Iraq ca. 720-705 B.C.E. Assyrian- First Millennium BCE Sargon II Palace: Imposing city of power Palace= raised structure of city Dominance and power of Assyrian kings |
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Lamassu (winged human headed bull)
from the citadel of Sargon II, Dar Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad) Iraq ca. 720-705 B.C.E. limestone 13 ft. 10 in. high Headdress of God, wings of an eagle, body of bull or ox Guardian @ gate 5 legs- two-view, composite prospective to see 4 legs from front and 4 from side |
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Assyrian archers pursuing enemies
from the Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Kalhu (modern Nimrud) ca. 875-860 B.C.E. gypsum 2 ft. 10 3/8 in. high Massive reliefs on walls Celebrating king and power to dominate over enemies(fleeing) Bow behind head (not logical, to get point across) Swimmers in profile Crenelation on top of fortification (to protect archers (Merlons) from defense- spaces=crenels) |
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Ashurbanipal hunting lions
from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal, Ninevah (modern Kuyunjik) Iraq ca. 645-640 B.C.E. gypsum approximately 5 ft. high Projecting prowess of King (lion is powerful) Staged fight of lion to show power Showing power of lion and maybe injustice of death of lion |
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Ishtar Gate (restored)
from Babylon, Iraq ca. 575 B.C.E. glazed brick Neo-Babylonian Art- First Millennium BCE 587 BCE- fall of Judea Tower of Babel- like Ziggurat Ishtar Gate Not true arch but archelatted Mudbricks crenelation |
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Ishtar Gate (restored) details of dragon (Marduk) and bull (Adad)
from Babylon, Iraq ca. 575 B.C.E. glazed brick Lion= Ishtar Most important single deity |
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Palace of Darius I and Xerxes I
Persepolis, Iran ca. 521-465 B.C.E. Persian Art- First Millennium BCE Babylon sacked Cyrus allows return of Jews 537 BCE- more tolerant Standardized currency Remains of sacking of Persepolis Greek influence |
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Darius and Xerxes Giving Audience. Processional frieze on the terrace of the apadana, Persepolis, Iran, ca. 490 BCE. Limestone, 8’ 4” high.
People allowed to greet King in their own cultural costumes tolerance |
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Palace of Shapur I
from Ctesiphon, Iraq ca. 250 C.E. Palace with enormous vault- Became architectural symbol for Arabs and Islam Closed of archade (series of arches) |
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Shapur I celebrates triumph over
Triumph of Shapur I over Valerian from Bishapur, Iraq ca. 260 C.E. rock-cut relief Roman emperor Breaks through register Taking Roman form of sitting on horses to defeat Roman |
