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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the names of the two important cities in the Indus Valley?
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Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
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How were the bricks of Mohenjo-Daro different than that of other civilizations we have studied?
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The bricks were baked in an oven and not sun-dried
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What's an example of a "public" place where the people of Mohenjo-Daro could exchange news and conduct business?
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The Public Bath
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How were the houses of Mohenjo-Daro laid out?
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A grid format
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What did archeologists find evidence of that described the end of Mohenjo-Daro?
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Evidence of a sudden death, (running bodies, unburied dead,sword cuts)
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Why did the farmers of the Indus Valley grow a variety of crops?
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To feed themselves and the city dwellers(and trade them)
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What did the Indus Valley farmers build that ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians also built to help with farming?
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An irragation system or canals
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Why did the Harappans make contact with people far away from India?
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To trade for raw materials that they need or wanted that they didn't have
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What are two examples of how the cities of the Indus Valley were built with "defense" in mind?
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1. a wall around the city 2. the cities had a citadel or fortress 3. from the citadel or fortress a person could see down the streets of the city because they were straight
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Using their engineering skills, what did the Harappans do to prevent their streets from flooding?
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Built drains and an extensive sewer system
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Why did the homes of Mohenjo-Daro have flat roofs?
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So the people could take advantage of the cool breezes - it was hot there!
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We do not know a lot about the Harappan society because we have not "decoded" something. What haven't we "decoded" that would help us learn about their society?
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Their written language
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What is India considered - a continent or subcontinent?
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Subcontinent
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What has the geography of India done for it?
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It has been a form of protection. ex: Himalayas in the north
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What is the name of the river that helped ancient India develop?
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Indus river
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What is a monsoon?
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Seasonal winds that either bring rain or cool air
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The ancient Indians were the first people to make what kind of cloth?
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Cotton
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What is Sanatana Dharma?
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THE ORIGINAL SANSKRIT NAME FOR HINDUISM OR THE "ETERNAL RELIGION"
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What is a deva?
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IT IS THE SANSKRIT WORD MEANING "SHINING ONE" THAT IS DESCRIBING THE GODS AND GODDESS OF HINDUISM(angels/archangels)
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Why do Hindus pray to Lord Ganesha?
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HE IS THE LORD OF OBSTACLES. THEY PRAY TO HIM FIRST TO REMOVE ANY OBSTACLES FROM THEIR WAY
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What is the purpose of the Hindu puja?
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THE SANSKRIT WORD THAT MEANS THE WORSHIPING OF THE GODS/GODDESSES. COULD BE A RITUAL / CEREMONY
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What are some examples of following dharma?
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EXAMPLES ARE BEING KIND, RELIGIOUS, GENEROUS, HONEST, AND TRUTHFUL
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What is the purpose of reincarnation?
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THE PURPOSE IS TO HELP YOU EXPERIENCE MANY LIFETIMES IN ORDER TO FREE YOURSELF FROM SAMSARA
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What is the name of the people who came into ancient India as nomads and settled among the Harappans?
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The aryans
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What were the Aryans like before they settled down and began to farm?
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War-like nomads who didn't have a written language, art, or farming skills
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As the Aryans began to settle down in the Indus Valley, what did they learn?
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Building and farming skills
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Originally, how did Aryans pass down information about their religious beliefs?
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Through oral tradition or by word of mouth
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Eventually, the Aryans began to write down their religious information that was transformed into what collection of sacred text? What was the most important?
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The Vedas - Rig Veda was the most important
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What was the name of the warrior-chief that ruled Aryan communities?
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Rajah
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Who were the Brahmins in Aryan society?
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Priests
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Who were the Kshatriyahs in Aryan society?
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Warriors
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Who were the Vaisyas in Aryan society?
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Herders, farmers, artisans/craftspeople, and merchants
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Who were the Sudras in Aryan society?
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Farmworkers, servants, laborers
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What did the Rig Veda explain?
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The nature of the Gods and their religious rituals
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What were many of the Aryan gods based on?
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animals
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What is dharma?
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One's proper path in life / the way to live one's life
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Who is a guru?
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A spiritual teacher
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What is karma?
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The law of cause and effect-The effect of actions of past and present lifetimes, both good and bad on one's present life
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What is mantra?
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A word or phrase to be repeated while meditating to a quiet mind-ohm
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Who/what is Brahman?
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The one divine spiritual force of Hinduism that is considered above the many gods/goddesses
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What is the word deities another name for?
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gods and godesses
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What religion is MOKSHA associated with and what does it mean?
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Hinduism - liberation from one's spiritual existence or becoming free of "earthly" concerns & become one with Brahman / similar to the Buddhist concept of Nirvana (Enlightenment)
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Explain what reincarnation is.
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Being born as a new being and living a new life as one of your many lives in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (Remember KARMA heavily influences how you are reincarnated!)
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What is your atman?
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your soul
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What is puja?
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The worship of the deities, can be ceremonial
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What is ahimsa?
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The practice of being non-violent
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What does the name "Buddha" actually mean?
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The Enlightened One
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Before he became the Buddha, what was his name?
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Siddharta Gautama (there are a variety of ways to spell his name - just get the general idea of how it is spelled)
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What was his position in life when he was growing up? What was his life like?
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he was a prince born to a rich family. His life was very easy because he had everything a person could want
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What did his parents protect him from for most of his life?
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The harsh realities of sickness, suffering, and death
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What did Siddharta Gautama decide to do when he finally saw the outside world?
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He decided to leave his family and search for the truth that would set him free from the cycle of Samsara
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What are the Three Universal Truths of Buddhism?
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Anitya meaning Nothing lasts forever like a match and even mountains moving and seasons. Duhkha meaning Suffering or the cause of suffering even just boredom we dont like change, growing old and dying and when possesions wear out. Anatma meaning No soul I is just a collection of things that keep on changing, your karma goes to your next life.
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What is Samsara?
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The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth that you are in until one reaches enlightenment
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What is the ultimate goal or "higher truth" in Buddhism that releases your soul from Samsara?
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Nirvana-enlightenment
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What did Siddharta practice during his search for the truth?
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Meditation
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According to Buddhism, what "way" should a person follow to help reach enlightenment or Nirvana?
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The Middle Way which also means to follow the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path
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Briefly describe the FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS.
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1. Duhkha(suffering) is everywhere, all the time. 2. Duhkha is caused by greed and selfishness. 3. Greed and selfishness can be ended. 4. The way to end greed and selfishness is to follow the Eightfold Path.
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Simply explain what the "RIGHT UNDERSTANDING" step of the Eightfold Path means.
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You must understand the Four Noble Truths
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Explain what the "Right Effort" step of the Eightfold Path means.
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Do your best to avoid bad things and do good things. Make an effort to: *Avoid evil *Prevent evil *Do good to others * Encourage good in others
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Explain what the "Right Action" step of the Eightfold Path means.
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Behave in ways that respect living things, respect other people's property, respect other people's feelings and respect yourself
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explain right thought of the eightfold path
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You must think about the kind of life you lead and make a commitment to live in a caring and unselfish way
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explain right speech of the eightfold path
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Always speak in ways that are kind truthful and not hurtful to your self or others
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explain right Livelihood of the eightfold path
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Do a job that does not lead o harming others. Buddists believe that 5 kinds of job cause harm and should be avoided: they are trade in deadly weapons,poisons, slavery, intoxicants animals for slaughter
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explain right self awareness of the eightfold path
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Control your mind so that you see things clearly. Be Aware of
*your own body and how you move* your feelings. Aim for pleasant, calm feelings.*your thoughts.Be in control of them*the world around you |
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explain right meditation of the eightfold path
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A way to gain enlightenment
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Name the 3 eightfold groups
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wisdom behavior and mind
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