Ancient India And China

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Ancient India - Early river valley civilization - location

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located in the South Asia Region

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - environmental climate - characteristics

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seasonal monsoons and flood, well planned cities, made a living by farming and trading

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - environmental climate -advantages

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used the floods to grow crops

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - environmental climate -challenges

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trying to keep crops growing during the monsoons in October

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - technological innovations

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used mud and baked bricks to build houses, plumbing systems, baths, water chutes and sewers

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - writing - characteristics of

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Barrior mountains limiting contact with other cultures

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - writing - limitations

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - writing - advantages

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tests to determine your placement of caste

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - trade patterns

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traded their cotton cloth, grain, copper, pearls, and ivory combs to distant lands

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - reasons for disappearance - environmental causes

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damage to the local environment, river mud found in streets, trees cut down due to brick makers

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Ancient India -Early river valley civilization - reasons for disappearance - cultural conflicts

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invaders attacked and overran the cities of the Indus, crude pottery, use of writing halted

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Ancient India - Aryans - religious beliefs

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Polytheistic, Indra, Varuna, Agni, animal deities, brahman, Rig Vedas, Mystics, meditation, yoga

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Ancient India - Aryans - early literature

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epics, acculturation, Mahabharata, Ramayana

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Ancient India - Aryans - social structure

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ranked groups based on occupation

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Ancient India - Aryans - results of acculturation

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Aryans & Davidians traditions

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Ancient India - Hinduism- origins

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no single founder, emerged in Ancient India

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Ancient India - Hinduism - doctrines

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No single sacred text, god is one but many people know it by many names, brahman represents many gods, vedas adressed many questions

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Ancient India - Hinduism - beliefs

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brahma, vishnu, Shiva, Upanishads, Karma, dharma, reincarnation, muksha, ahimsa, atman, castes

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Ancient India - Buddhism - origins

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founded by Siddhartha, Guatama in ancient India, spread across Asia

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Ancient India - Buddhism - doctrines

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Four noble truths, eightfold path, tripitaka

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Ancient India - Buddhism - beliefs

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four noble truths, eightfold path, Nirvana, karma, dharma, reincarnation

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Ancient India - comparing/contrasting Indian Religions - similarities

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buddhism & hinduism both believed in stressing non-violenc, karma, darma, reincarnation

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Ancient India - comparing/contrasting Indian Religions -differences

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buddhists didn't focus on priests, formal rituals and didn't believe in many gods.
Hindus did. They didn't believe in the caste system and believed in mediation and nirvana.

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Indian empires - Mauryan Empire - Political Leaders - Chndragupta

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Conqured nothern India, conquered norther india, added much of Dedccan, well organized beuaracy, trained women to oguard his palace

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Indian empires - Mauryan Empire - Political Leaders - Asoka

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Rules by moral example, converted to buddhism, rejected violence, conquered the Deccan region of Kalinga, turned him back on further conquests, stopped eating most meats, limited most Hindu animal sacrifices, sent missionaries on religious missions, promoted Buddhism

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Indian empires - Mauryan Empire - Governmental strategies

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strong government, beuaracy, rule by moral example, converted to buddhims, rejected violence and resolved rule by moral example

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Indian empires - Mauryan Empire achievements

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schools, libraries, splendid palaces

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Indian empires - Gupta Empire - achievements

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united much of India, golden age,sanskrit writing, each kingdom had its own capital, trade

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Indian empires - Gupta Empire - golden age

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Organized a strong central government that promoted peace and prosperity,the golden age was a period of great cultcural achievement

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Ancient China - geography - advantages

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Great wall - protection from invaders

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Ancient China - geography - challenges

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barriers set China apart - Tian, Shan, Himalayas, blocked easy movement of people, thick rainforest

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Ancient China - dynasties

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Shang, Zhao, Qin, Han

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Ancient China - dynasties - Shang - characteristics

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cruelty by king
chinese society dominated by a small upper class. Upper class consists of king, nobles, priessts, warriors. Lower class consists of farmers, artisans, slaves. Writing developed for religious use.

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Ancient China - dynasties - Shang - achievements

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rich in bronze, strong army, noblewomen may have considerable status. Fu had owned land and led army. Studied movement of planets and recorded eclpises of the sun. Accurate calendar. Seek

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Ancient China - dynasties - Shang - reasons for decline

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claimed by Zhao that they lost the right to rule. Overthrown by Zhou

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Ancient China - dynasties - Zhao - characteristics

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longest lasting dynasty in China, feudalism. Dynastic circle.- rise and fall of dynasty- goods, government, and supported by Heavens

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Ancient China - dynasties - Zhao - achievements

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mandate of heaven - Zhao claim that Shang lost approval of the gods to rule. the Zhao have the right to rule.
infrastructure - roads, great wall, canals promoted trade and agriculture, ox drawn plows, Great Wall

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Ancient China - dynasties - Zhao - reasons for decline

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continuous wars with ech other, feudal lords of the Zhao dynasty. Qin dynasty took over.

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Ancient China - dynasties - Qin - characteristics

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Authoritarian. Unified status of China.
Legalism-Hanfeizi- Got rid of feudal states and replaced with 36 districts

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Ancient China - dynasties - Qin - achievements

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Constructed the great wall, standardized chinese writing.
Unified China.

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Ancient China - dynasties - Qin - reasons for decline

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Argue over heavy taxes, eased legalist policies, forced labor and cruel policies caused revolts

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Ancient China - dynasties - Han -characteristics

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Lower taxes, eased legalist policies, confucian scholars, monopoly on iron and salt, used as income on government, expansionism.

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Ancient China - dynasties - Han - achievements

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adopted confucianism, Wudi strenghtened government, imperial University, accupuncture, eclipses every 100 days, network of trade routes, silk roads, civil service system win position by merit.

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Ancient China - dynasties - Han - reasons for decline

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the emperor spent everything on luxuries on his lifestyle and aggressively taxes nobles to get money off of them, weak emperors, powerful warlords, peasants rebelled

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Ancient China - writing - characteristics

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Tens of thousands of characters, each character represents a word.
Priests wrote characters on bones to communicate with Gods.

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Ancient China - writing - limitations

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Difficult to learn, must memorize thousands of characters to read a newspaper only well to do could afford years of study needed to master skill

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Ancient China - writing - advantages

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Fostered unity, all used same system of writing even through spoken laguange from other areas may not be understood.

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Ancient China Philosophies

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Confucius, Lao-Tzu/Taoism, Hanfeize/legalism

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Ancient China Philosophies -Confucius - ideologies - political

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Harmony results when people talk their place in society- ruler to subject.
All relationship not equal except friend.
Everyone has children
Superior cares for inferior
inferior loyal and obediant to supreme ruler- good government, well educated.

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Ancient China Philosophies -Confucius - ideologies -familial

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Parent to child
Husband to wife
older brother to younger brother
friend to friend
filial piety-respect for parents

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Ancient China Philosophies -Confucius - ideologies -moral

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Honesty, hard work, concer for others, do not do to others what you do not wish yourself. Yin (Earth) and Yang (Heaven, light)

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Ancient China Philosophies -Lao-Tzu/Taoism - ideologies -political

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An unavoidable part of modern life

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Ancient China Philosophies -Lao-Tzu/Taoism - ideologies -familial

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Hippies, traditon in which the basic concept is to establish harmony with the tao

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Ancient China Philosophies -Lao-Tzu/Taoism - ideologies -moral

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Need strict laws and impose harsh punishments to govern the evil nature of man.
Strenght not goodness is rulers greatest virtue, abolished feudalism.

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Ancient China Philosophies -Hanfezi/Legalism - ideologies -political

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Did not address higher questions or the nature and purpose of life

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Ancient China Philosophies -Hanfezi/Legalism - ideologies -familial

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All people under the rule were equal before the law

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Ancient China Philosophies -Hanfezi/Legalism - ideologies -moral

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The nature if man is evil. Goodness is aquired. Greed cause of anglicts